Go channel 用法示例

1.单向管道

func writeChan(chanName chan<- int) 通过形参限定函数内部只能向 channel 写入数据

func readChan(chanName <-chan int)通过形参限定函数内部只能从 channel 中读取数据

//单向管道
func readChan(chanName <-chan int) {
	<-chanName
}
func writeChan(chanName chan<- int) {
	chanName <- 1
}

func TestWriteRead(t *testing.T) {
	var mychan = make(chan int, 10)
	writeChan(mychan)
	readChan(mychan)
}

2. select 监控多个 channel

当一个 channel 可以操作时就会触发相应的 case 分支

//select
func addNumToChan(chanName chan int) {
	for {
		chanName <- 1
		time.Sleep(1*time.Second)
	}
}
func TestChanSelect(t *testing.T) {
	chan1 := make(chan int, 10)
	chan2 := make(chan int, 10)

	go addNumToChan(chan1)
	go addNumToChan(chan2)

	for {
		select {
		case e := <- chan1 :
			fmt.Printf("Get element from chan1: %d\n", e)
		case e := <- chan2 :
			fmt.Printf("Get element from chan2: %d\n", e)
		default:
			fmt.Printf("No element in chan1 and chan2.\n")
			time.Sleep(time.Second)
		}
	}
}

结果：

=== RUN   TestChanSelect
No element in chan1 and chan2.
Get element from chan2: 1
Get element from chan1: 1
Get element from chan1: 1
Get element from chan2: 1
No element in chan1 and chan2.
No element in chan1 and chan2.
Get element from chan1: 1
Get element from chan2: 1
Get element from chan1: 1
Get element from chan2: 1
No element in chan1 and chan2.
No element in chan1 and chan2.

从结果可以看出：

1. 从channel中读取数据时随机的，这是因为select语句的多个case语句的执行顺序是随机的
2. select 的case语句读 channel时不会阻塞，尽管管道中没有数据，这是由于case语句编译后调用读取channel时会明确传入不阻塞参数，读不到数据时不会将当前协程加入等待队列，而是直接返回

3. for-range读取数据

通过for-range 可以像遍历数组一样从 channel 中读取数据，当 channel 中没有数据时，会阻塞当前协程，将当前协程加入recvq队列，进入睡眠并等待被写协程唤醒。

//for-range
func TestChanRange(t *testing.T) {
	mychan := make(chan int, 10)
	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
		mychan <- i
	}
	for e := range mychan {
		fmt.Printf("Get elemet from chanName: %d\n", e)
	}
}

结果：

=== RUN   TestChanRange
Get elemet from chanName: 0
Get elemet from chanName: 1
Get elemet from chanName: 2
Get elemet from chanName: 3
Get elemet from chanName: 4
Get elemet from chanName: 5
Get elemet from chanName: 6
Get elemet from chanName: 7
Get elemet from chanName: 8
Get elemet from chanName: 9
fatal error: all goroutines are asleep - deadlock!

从结果可以看出，当channel缓冲区没有数据时，与for-range与读管道时的阻塞处理机制是一样的。使用for的方式读取，若没有数据可读时，和上面出现的结果一致：

for i := 0; i < 11; i++ {
		e := <- mychan
		fmt.Printf("Get elemet from chanName: %d\n", e)
}