一步步Cobol 400 上手自学入门教程01 - 基础概念

先学习基础概念

1、COBOL字符：包含：

1. 　User-defined words 用户定义字符
2. System-names
3. Reserved words 关键字

2、用户定义字符User-defined words：合法的定义：

1. A - Z
2. a - z
3. 0 - 9
4. - (连字符).

3、系统名 System-names

1.   Computer-names
2. Language-names
3. Implementor-names:
   1.  Environment-name
   2.  Assignment-name

4、关键词 Reserved words

ACCEPT
ACCESS
ACQUIRE 
ADD
ADDRESS 
ADVANCING
AFTER
ALL
ALPHABET
ALPHABETIC
ALPHABETIC-LOWER
ALPHABETIC-UPPER
ALPHANUMERIC
ALPHANUMERIC-EDITED
ALSO
ALTER
ALTERNATE
AND
ANY 
ARE
AREA
AREAS
ARITHMETIC 
ASCENDING
ASSIGN
AT
AUTHOR
AUTO 
AUTO-SKIP 
BACKGROUND-COLOR 
BACKGROUND-COLOUR 
B-AND 
BEEP 
BEFORE
BELL 
B-EXOR 
BINARY
BIT 
BITS 
BLANK
B-LESS 
BLINK 
BLOCK
B-NOT 
BOOLEAN 
B-OR 
BOTTOM
BY
CALL
CANCEL
CD 
CF 
CH 
CHARACTER
CHARACTERS
CLASS
CLOCK-UNITS 
CLOSE
COBOL 
CODE 
CODE-SET
COL 
COLLATING
COLUMN  
COMMA
COMMIT 
COMMITMENT 
COMMON 
COMMUNICATION 
COMP
COMP-3
COMP-4
COMPUTATIONAL
COMPUTATIONAL-3
COMPUTATIONAL-4
COMPUTE
CONFIGURATION
CONNECT 
CONTAINED 
CONTAINS
CONTENT
CONTINUE
CONTROL
CONTROL-AREA 
CONTROLS
CONVERSION 
CONVERTING
COPY
CORR
CORRESPONDING
COUNT
CRT 
CRT-UNDER 
CURRENCY
CURRENT 
CURSOR 
DATA
DATE
DATE-COMPILED
DATE-WRITTEN
DAY
DAY-OF-WEEK 
DB 
DB-ACCESS-CONTROL-KEY 
DB-DATA-NAME 
DB-EXCEPTION 
DB-FORMAT-NAME 
DB-RECORD-NAME 
DB-SET-NAME 
DB-STATUS 
DBCS 
DE 
DEBUG-CONTENTS
DEBUG-ITEM
DEBUG-LINE
DEBUG-NAME
DEBUG-SUB-1
DEBUG-SUB-2
DEBUG-SUB-3
DEBUGGING
DECIMAL-POINT
DECLARATIVES
DEFAULT 
DELETE
DELIMITED
DELIMITER
DEPENDING
DESCENDING
DESTINATION 
DETAIL 
DISABLE 
DISCONNECT 
DISPLAY
DISPLAY-1 
DISPLAY-n 
DIVIDE
DIVISION
DOWN
DROP 
DUPLICATE 
DUPLICATES
DYNAMIC
EGI 
EJECT 
ELSE
EMI 
EMPTY-CHECK 
ENABLE 
END
END-ACCEPT 
END-ADD
END-CALL
END-COMPUTE
END-DELETE
END-DIVIDE
END-EVALUATE
END-IF
END-MULTIPLY
END-OF-PAGE
END-PERFORM
END-READ
END-RECEIVE 
END-RETURN
END-REWRITE
END-SEARCH
END-START
END-STRING
END-SUBTRACT
END-UNSTRING
END-WRITE
ENTER
ENVIRONMENT
EOP
EQUAL
EQUALS 
ERASE 
ERROR
ESI 
EVALUATE
EVERY
EXCEEDS 
EXCEPTION
EXCLUSIVE 
EXIT
EXOR 
EXTEND
EXTERNAL 
EXTERNALLY-DESCRIBED-KEY 
FALSE 
FD
FETCH 
FILE
FILE-CONTROL
FILES 
FILLER
FINAL 
FIND 
FINISH 
FIRST
FOOTING
FOR
FOREGROUND-COLOR 
FOREGROUND-COLOUR 
FORMAT 
FREE 
FROM
FULL 
FUNCTION 
GENERATE
GET 
GIVING
GLOBAL 
GO
GOBACK 
GREATER
GROUP 
HEADING 
HIGHLIGHT 
HIGH-VALUE

HIGH-VALUES
I-O
I-O-CONTROL
ID 
IDENTIFICATION
IF
IN
INDEX
INDEXED
INDEX-N 
INDIC 
INDICATE
INDICATOR 
INDICATORS 
INITIAL
INITIALIZE
INITIATE
INPUT
INPUT-OUTPUT
INSPECT
INSTALLATION
INTO
INVALID
IS
JUST
JUSTIFIED
KEEP 
KEY
LABEL
LAST
LD 
LEADING
LEFT
LEFT-JUSTIFY 
LENGTH
LENGTH-CHECK 
LESS
LIKE 
LIMIT 
LIMITS 
LINAGE
LINAGE-COUNTER
LINE
LINE-COUNTER 
LINES
LINKAGE
LOCALLY 
LOCK
LOW-VALUE
LOW-VALUES
MEMBER 
MEMORY
MERGE
MESSAGE 
MODE
MODIFIED 
MODIFY 
MODULES
MOVE
MULTIPLE
MULTIPLY
NATIVE
NEGATIVE
NEXT
NO
NO-ECHO 
NONE 
NOT
NULL 
NULLS 
NUMBER  
NUMERIC
NUMERIC-EDITED
OBJECT-COMPUTER
OCCURS
OF
OFF
OMITTED
ON
ONLY 
OPEN
OPTIONAL
OR
ORDER
ORGANIZATION
OTHER 
OUTPUT
OVERFLOW
OWNER 
PACKED-DECIMAL
PADDING 
PAGE
PAGE-COUNTER 
PERFORM
PF 
PH 
PIC
PICTURE
PLUS 
POINTER
POSITION
POSITIVE
PRESENT 
PRINTING
PRIOR 
PROCEDURE
PROCEDURES
PROCEED
PROCESS 
PROGRAM
PROGRAM-ID
PROMPT 
PROTECTED 
PURGE 
QUEUE 
QUOTE
QUOTES
RANDOM
RD 
READ
READY 
REALM 
RECEIVE 
RECONNECT 
RECORD
RECORD-NAME 
RECORDS
REDEFINES
REEL
REFERENCE
REFERENCE-MONITOR 
REFERENCES
RELATION 
RELATIVE
RELEASE
REMAINDER
REMOVAL
RENAMES
REPEATED 
REPLACE 
REPLACING
REPORT 
REPORTING 
REPORTS 
REQUIRED 
RERUN
RESERVE
RESET 
RETAINING 
RETRIEVAL 
RETURN
RETURN-CODE 
REVERSED
REVERSE-VIDEO 
REWIND
REWRITE
RD 
RF 
RH 
RIGHT
RIGHT-JUSTIFY 
ROLLBACK 
ROLLING 
ROUNDED
RUN
SAME
SCREEN 
SD
SEARCH
SECTION
SECURE 
SECURITY
SEGMENT 
SEGMENT-LIMIT
SELECT
SEND 
SENTENCE
SEPARATE
SEQUENCE
SEQUENTIAL
SET
SHARED 
SIGN
SIZE
SKIP1 
SKIP2 
SKIP3 
SORT
SORT-MERGE
SORT-RETURN 
SOURCE 
SOURCE-COMPUTER
SPACE
SPACE-FILL 
SPACES
SPECIAL-NAMES
STANDARD
STANDARD-1
STANDARD-2
START
STARTING 
STATUS
STOP
STORE 
STRING
SUB-QUEUE-1 
SUB-QUEUE-2 
SUB-QUEUE-3 
SUB-SCHEMA 
SUBFILE 
SUBTRACT
SUM 
SUPPRESS
SYMBOLIC 
SYNC
SYNCHRONIZED
TABLE 
TALLYING
TAPE
TENANT 
TERMINAL
TERMINATE 
TEST
TEXT 
THAN
THEN
THROUGH
THRU
TIME
TIMES
TITLE 
TO
TOP
TRAILING
TRAILING-SIGN 
TRANSACTION 
TRUE
TYPE 
UNDERLINE 
UNEQUAL 
UNIT
UNSTRING
UNTIL
UP
UPDATE 
UPON
USAGE
USAGE-MODE 
USE
USING
VALID 
VALIDATE 
VALUE
VALUES
VARYING
WAIT 
WHEN
WHEN-COMPILED 
WITH
WITHIN 
WORDS
WORKING-STORAGE
WRITE
ZERO
ZEROES
ZERO-FILL 
ZEROS
<
< =
+
*
**
-
/
>
> =
=

View Code

近500个关键字.

5、节和段 Sections and Paragraphs

层次：

Identification Division
　　Paragraphs
　　　　Entries
　　　　　　Clauses
Environment Division
　　Sections
　　　　Paragraphs
　　　　　　Entries
　　　　　　　　Clauses
　　　　　　　　　　Phrases
Data Division
　　Sections
　　　　Entries
　　　　　　Clauses
　　　　　　　　Phrases
Procedure Division
　　Sections
　　　　Paragraphs
　　　　　　Sentences
　　　　　　　　Statements
　　　　　　　　　　Phrases 

 备注：

4个部：

• 　　1、标识部（IDENTIFICATIONDIVISION）：用于标识程序名。
• 　　2、环境部（ENVIRONMENTDIVISION）：用于说明程序运行的环境。
• 　　3、数据部（DATADIVISION）：用于说明程序中涉及的所有数据。
• 　　4、过程部（PROCEDUREDIVISION）：是程序的核心部分，它决定计算机应进行什么操作。

部（Division)一部可包括若干节
节（Section)一节可包含若干段
段（Paragraph)一段可包含若干句子
句子（Sentence)一个句子可包含若干语句
语句(Statement)制定计算机完成一定的操作
子句(Clause)制定完成某一方面的功能

 

 6、Cobol 代码格式

　　第1至6列为”标号区”

　　　　序列号是可选的。 如果使用的话，序列号必须 在列1到6

　　第7列为”续行标志区”
　　第8至此11列，称为”A区”。程序中有些内容如部头，节头，段头，层号01，层号77及文件描述符FD等应从A区开始写。
　　第12至此72列，称为”B区”。写程序中的正文部分。如过程部中的句子只能从B区开始写。
　　第73至80列，称为”注释区”。

 格式演示：