分享一个比较有意思的字典相等比较扩展方法DictionaryEqual

在stackoverflow上看到一个比较有意思的字典相等比较扩展方法，感觉思路比较巧妙，于是在这里转载下

PS：原方法不包含IEqualityComparer<TKey> keyComparer，此处将此问题补上

/// <summary>
/// 对象相等比较帮助类
/// </summary>
public static class EqualityComparerHelper
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 字典相等比较,原出处 http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3928822/comparing-2-dictionarystring-string-instances
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="TKey"></typeparam>
    /// <typeparam name="TValue"></typeparam>
    /// <param name="first">用于比较的第一项</param>
    /// <param name="second">用于比较的第二项</param>
    /// <param name="keyComparer">当TKey为非基础数据类型,并且IDictionary在构造时未提供IEqualityComparer（SortedDictionary为IComparer），则该项必须不为null，否则比较结果必定为false</param>
    /// <param name="valueComparer">当TValue为非基础数据类型时，该项必须不为null，否则比较结果必定为false</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static bool DictionaryEqual<TKey, TValue>(
        this IDictionary<TKey, TValue> first, IDictionary<TKey, TValue> second,
        IEqualityComparer<TKey> keyComparer = null, IEqualityComparer<TValue> valueComparer = null)
    {
        if (first == second) return true;
        if (first == null || second == null) return false;
        if (first.Count != second.Count) return false;

        valueComparer = valueComparer ?? EqualityComparer<TValue>.Default;
        if (keyComparer != null)
        {//如果存在keyComparer，则重新构建字典
            first = new Dictionary<TKey, TValue>(first, keyComparer);
            second = new Dictionary<TKey, TValue>(second, keyComparer);
        }
        foreach (var kvp in first)
        {
            TValue secondValue;
            if (!second.TryGetValue(kvp.Key, out secondValue)) return false;
            if (!valueComparer.Equals(kvp.Value, secondValue)) return false;
        }
        return true;
    }
}

对于实现IEqualityComparer的实现，在字典中需要注意GetHashCode的实现，即意义上相同的值其HashCode也应当一致

public class Person
{
    public String FirstName { get; set; }
    public String LastName { get; set; }
    public int Age { get; set; }
}
public class PersonEqualityComparer : IEqualityComparer<Person>
{
    public bool Equals(Person x, Person y)
    {
        if (x == y) return true;
        if ((x == null) || (y == null)) return false;
        return x.LastName == y.LastName;
    }
    public int GetHashCode(Person obj)
    {
        return obj.LastName.GetHashCode();
        //return obj.GetHashCode() 在字典之类需要用到Hash值的地方不能这么写，会导致可以插入重复值
    }
}

测试字典键值唯一性的代码

Dictionary<Person, int> dic = new Dictionary<Person, int>(new PersonEqualityComparer());
dic.Add(new Person { LastName = "Z", Age = 11 }, 10);
dic.Add(new Person { LastName = "Z", Age = 21 }, 15);//ArgumentException异常，已存在具有相同键的元素