使用DBMS_REDEFINITION包在线重定义分区表

Oracle中允许对表和分区表进行在线(联机)重定义,这给数据库结构的修改和定义带来了很大的方便。

下面的例子是将一个普通的表在线重定义为分区表。

创建一个非分区表,注意两个表的表结构和字段类型一致。

SQL> CREATE TABLE tab_unpart
2 (
3 col1 varchar2(30),
4 col2 DATE
5 );

TABLE created.

SQL> INSERT INTO tab_unpart(col1, col2) SELECT -1, sysdate-365 FROM dual;

1 ROW created.

SQL> INSERT INTO tab_unpart(col1, col2) SELECT 0, sysdate FROM dual;

1 ROW created.

SQL> INSERT INTO tab_unpart(col1, col2) SELECT +1, sysdate+360 FROM dual;

1 ROW created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> SELECT col1,to_char(col2,'yyyy-mm-dd') FROM tab_unpart;

COL TO_CHAR(CO
--- ----------
-1  2011-01-05
0   2012-01-05
1   2012-12-30

创建一个分区表

SQL> CREATE TABLE tab_part
  2  (
  3  col1 varchar2(30),
  4  col2 DATE
  5  )
  6  partition BY range(col2)
  7  (
  8  partition tab_part_2011 VALUES less than (to_date('2011-01-01','yyyy-mm-dd')),
  9  partition tab_part_2012 VALUES less than (to_date('2012-01-01','yyyy-mm-dd')),
 10  partition tab_part_2013 VALUES less than (to_date('2013-01-01','yyyy-mm-dd')),
 11  );

TABLE created.

SQL> @partition_

NAME            OBJECT COLUMN_NAME PARTITIONING_TYPE    STATUS  PARTITION_NAME
--------------- ------ ----------- -------------------- ------- ---------------
TAB_PART        TABLE  COL2        RANGE                VALID   TAB_PART_2013
TAB_PART        TABLE  COL2        RANGE                VALID   TAB_PART_2011
TAB_PART        TABLE  COL2        RANGE                VALID   TAB_PART_2012

验证表TAB_UNPART是否可以在线重定义,如果不可以会给出建议

SQL> EXEC dbms_redefinition.can_redef_table('TEST','TAB_UNPART',1);
BEGIN dbms_redefinition.can_redef_table('TEST','TAB_UNPART',1); END;

*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-12089: cannot online redefine TABLE "TEST"."TAB_UNPART" WITH no PRIMARY KEY
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_REDEFINITION", line 139
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_REDEFINITION", line 1782
ORA-06512: at line 1

cannot online redefine table “TEST”.”TAB_UNPART” with no primary key,原因是表TAB_UNPART没有主键。

SQL> ALTER TABLE TAB_UNPART ADD CONSTRAINT pk_unpart_col1 PRIMARY KEY (COL1);

TABLE altered.

SQL> ALTER TABLE TAB_PART ADD CONSTRAINT pk_part_col1 PRIMARY KEY (COL1);

TABLE altered.

再次验证

SQL> EXEC dbms_redefinition.can_redef_table('TEST','TAB_UNPART',1);

PL/SQL PROCEDURE successfully completed.

使用DBMS_REDEFINITION包将非分区表转为分区表

SQL> @partition_

NAME            OBJECT COLUMN_NAME PARTITIONING_TYPE    STATUS  PARTITION_NAME
--------------- ------ ----------- -------------------- ------- ---------------
TAB_PART        TABLE  COL2        RANGE                VALID   TAB_PART_2013
TAB_PART        TABLE  COL2        RANGE                VALID   TAB_PART_2011
TAB_PART        TABLE  COL2        RANGE                VALID   TAB_PART_2012

SQL> BEGIN
  2  DBMS_REDEFINITION.CAN_REDEF_TABLE('TEST','TAB_UNPART',2);
  3  DBMS_REDEFINITION.START_REDEF_TABLE('TEST','TAB_UNPART','TAB_PART',NULL,2);
  4  DBMS_REDEFINITION.FINISH_REDEF_TABLE('TEST','TAB_UNPART','TAB_PART');
  5  END;
  6  /

PL/SQL PROCEDURE successfully completed.

SQL> @partition_

NAME            OBJECT COLUMN_NAME PARTITIONING_TYPE    STATUS  PARTITION_NAME
--------------- ------ ----------- -------------------- ------- ---------------
TAB_UNPART      TABLE  COL2        RANGE                VALID   TAB_PART_2013
TAB_UNPART      TABLE  COL2        RANGE                VALID   TAB_PART_2011
TAB_UNPART      TABLE  COL2        RANGE                VALID   TAB_PART_2012

成功转换

SQL> SELECT * FROM tab_unpart partition (TAB_PART_2012);

COL COL2
--- ------------
-1  05-JAN-11

SQL> SELECT * FROM tab_unpart partition (TAB_PART_2011);

no ROWS selected

SQL> SELECT * FROM tab_unpart partition (TAB_PART_2013);

COL COL2
--- ------------
0   05-JAN-12
1   30-DEC-12

如果执行在线重定义的过程中出错
可以在执行dbms_redefinition.start_redef_table之后到执行dbms_redefinition.finish_redef_table之前的时间里执行：DBMS_REDEFINITION.abort_redef_table(‘TEST’, ‘TAB_UNPART’, ‘TAB_PART’);以放弃执行在线重定义。。
 
如果出现以下错误,可以用删除物化视图日志或者物化视图来解决。
drop materialized view log on tablename;
或者
drop materialized view viewname;

SQL> EXEC dbms_redefinition.can_redef_table('TEST','TAB_UNPART');
BEGIN dbms_redefinition.can_redef_table('TEST','TAB_UNPART'); END;

*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-12091: cannot online redefine TABLE "TEST"."TAB_UNPART" WITH
materialized views
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_REDEFINITION",line 137
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_REDEFINITION",line 1478
ORA-06512: at line 1