学习J2EE第二天(XML基础)

今天学习了XML的一些基础知识和DTD用法

1.一个完整的xml实例文件:
slideSample.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>

<!--  A SAMPLE set of slides  -->

<!-- 用来引用自己的DTD -->
<!DOCTYPE slideshow SYSTEM "slideshow3.dtd" [
  <!-- 定义ENTITY,方便更换数据 -->
  <!ENTITY product  "WonderWidget">
  <!ENTITY products "WonderWidgets">  
 
  <!-- 定义外部文件的ENTITY-->
  <!ENTITY copyright SYSTEM "copyright.xml">
]>

<!-- SUBSTITUTIONS WORK IN ATTRIBUTES, TOO -->
<slideshow
    title="&product; Slide Show"
    date="Date of publication"
    author="Yours Truly"
    >

    <!-- PROCESSING INSTRUCTION -->
    <?my.presentation.Program QUERY="exec, tech, all"?>

    <!-- TITLE SLIDE -->
    <slide type="all">
       <slide-title>Wake up to &products;!</slide-title>
    </slide>

    <!-- TITLE SLIDE -->
    <slide type="all">
       <item>&copyright;</item>
    </slide>

    <!-- OVERVIEW -->
    <slide type="all">
      <slide-title>Overview</slide-title>
      <item>Why <em>&products;</em> are great</item>
      <item/>
      <item>Who <em>buys</em> &products;</item>
    </slide>

    <slide type="exec">
      <slide-title>Financial Forecast</slide-title>
      <item>Market Size &lt; predicted!</item>
      <item>Anticipated Penetration</item>
      <item>Expected Revenues</item>
      <item>Profit Margin </item>
    </slide>

    <slide type="tech">
      <slide-title>How it Works</slide-title>
      <item>First we fozzle the frobmorten</item>
      <item>Then we framboze the staten</item>
      <item>Finally, we frenzle the fuznaten</item>
      <item><![CDATA[Diagram:
                        
           frobmorten <------------ fuznaten
               |            <3>        ^
               | <1>                   |   <1> = fozzle
               V                       |   <2> = framboze   
             staten--------------------+   <3> = frenzle
                            <2>
      ]]></item>
    </slide>
</slideshow>

2.这是DTD文件:
slideSample.dtd

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='us-ascii'?>

<!--
    DTD for a simple "slide show".
-->

<!-- 定义元素 -->
<!ELEMENT slideshow (slide+)>

<!-- 定义元素属性 -->
<!ATTLIST slideshow
            title    CDATA    #REQUIRED
            date     CDATA    #IMPLIED
            author   CDATA    "unknown"
>
<!ELEMENT slide (image?, slide-title?, item*)>
<!ATTLIST slide
            type   (tech | exec | all) #IMPLIED
>

<!-- Defines the %inline; declaration -->
<!-- 定义一个外部DTD文件实体 -->
<!ENTITY % xhtml SYSTEM "xhtml.dtd">
%xhtml;

<!ELEMENT slide-title (%inline;)*>
<!ELEMENT item (%inline; | item)* >
<!ELEMENT image EMPTY>
<!ATTLIST image
            alt    CDATA    #IMPLIED
            src    CDATA    #REQUIRED
            type   CDATA    "image/gif"
>

3.创建Document Type Definition(DTD)

元素
?    可选(0或1)
*    0或多
+    1或多

属性
#REQUIRED    必须要求写
#IMPLIED    可以不写，如果不写程序会自动给它默认值
#FIXED "fixedValue"    必须和fixedValue一样