前言:在《Android手势源码浅析------手势的形成(Gesture)》文章中,介绍了手势Gesture的形成。那么,有的时候,用户绘制的手势是需要保存的,以便用户需要时加载出来进行相关的手势识别处理;接下来将结合一个Demo重点介绍源码中手势的保存和加载流程机制;
一. 关于手势保存和加载的Demo
手势保存概要:
1. 在绘制完手势后,需要将手势存入手势库中,手势最终会被解析存放在指定路径创建的文件中。
2. 一般是GestureOverlayView添加实现监听器OnGesturePerformedListener,当绘制完手势时,会调用监听器的onGesturePerformed(GestureOverlayViewoverlay, Gesture gesture);
3. onGesturePerformed方法的第二个参数geture(Gesture对象)就代表用户绘制完成后形成的手势;
4. 将得到的Gesture对象通过调用GestureLibrary的addGesture方法存入手势库创建的指定文件中;
以下举一个简单的Demo来说明第三方应用开发实现手势的保存和加载:
主类代码如下:
package com.stevenhu.hu.dgt;
import java.io.File;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.app.AlertDialog.Builder;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.content.DialogInterface.OnClickListener;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.gesture.Gesture;
import android.gesture.GestureLibraries;
import android.gesture.GestureLibrary;
import android.gesture.GestureOverlayView;
import android.gesture.GestureOverlayView.OnGesturePerformedListener;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.MenuItem.OnMenuItemClickListener;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class DrawGestureTest extends Activity implements OnGesturePerformedListener
{
private GestureOverlayView mDrawGestureView;
private static GestureLibrary sStore;
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
mDrawGestureView = (GestureOverlayView)findViewById(R.id.gesture);
//设置手势可多笔画绘制,默认情况为单笔画绘制
mDrawGestureView.setGestureStrokeType(GestureOverlayView.GESTURE_STROKE_TYPE_MULTIPLE);
//设置手势的颜色(蓝色)
mDrawGestureView.setGestureColor(gestureColor(R.color.gestureColor));
//设置还没未能形成手势绘制是的颜色(红色)
mDrawGestureView.setUncertainGestureColor(gestureColor(R.color.ungestureColor));
//设置手势的粗细
mDrawGestureView.setGestureStrokeWidth(4);
/*手势绘制完成后淡出屏幕的时间间隔,即绘制完手指离开屏幕后相隔多长时间手势从屏幕上消失;
* 可以理解为手势绘制完成手指离开屏幕后到调用onGesturePerformed的时间间隔
* 默认值为420毫秒,这里设置为0.5秒
*/
mDrawGestureView.setFadeOffset(500);
//绑定监听器
mDrawGestureView.addOnGesturePerformedListener(this);
//创建保存手势的手势库
createStore();
}
private void createStore()
{
File mStoreFile = null;
/*判断mStoreFile是为空。
* 判断手机是否插入SD卡,并且应用程序是否具有访问SD卡的权限
*/
if (mStoreFile == null && Environment.getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED))
{
mStoreFile = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), "mygesture");
}
if (sStore == null)
{
/* 另外三种创建保存手势文件的方式如下:
//保存手势的文件在手机SD卡中
sStore = GestureLibraries.fromFile(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath() + "mygesture");
sStore = GestureLibraries.fromPrivateFile(this, Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath + "mygesture");
//保存手势的文件在应用程序的res/raw文件下
sStore = GestureLibraries.fromRawResource(this, R.raw.gestures);
*/
sStore = GestureLibraries.fromFile(mStoreFile);
}
testLoad();
}
//测试保存手势的文件是否创建成功
private void testLoad()
{
if (sStore.load())
{
showMessage("手势文件装载成功");
}
else
{
showMessage("手势文件装载失败");
}
}
public static GestureLibrary getStore()
{
return sStore;
}
//手势绘制完成时调用
@Override
public void onGesturePerformed(GestureOverlayView overlay, Gesture gesture)
{
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
creatDialog(gesture);
}
private void creatDialog(final Gesture gesture)
{
View dialogView = getLayoutInflater().inflate(R.layout.show_gesture, null);
//imageView用于显示绘制的手势
ImageView imageView = (ImageView) dialogView.findViewById(R.id.show);
//获取用户保存手势的名字
EditText editText = (EditText)dialogView.findViewById(R.id.name);
final String name = editText.getText().toString();
// 调用Gesture的toBitmap方法形成对应手势的位图
final Bitmap bitmap = gesture.toBitmap(128, 128, 10, gestureColor(R.color.showColor));
imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
Builder dialogBuider = new AlertDialog.Builder(DrawGestureTest.this);
dialogBuider.setView(dialogView);
//绑定对话框的确认按钮监听事件
dialogBuider.setPositiveButton(
"保存", new OnClickListener()
{
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which)
{
// 添加手势
sStore.addGesture(name, gesture);
// 保存添加的手势
sStore.save();
}
});
//绑定对话框的取消按钮监听事件
dialogBuider.setNegativeButton("取消", new OnClickListener()
{
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which)
{
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
});
//显示对话框
dialogBuider.show();
}
private int gestureColor(int resId)
{
return getResources().getColor(resId);
}
private void showMessage(String s)
{
Toast.makeText(this, s, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy()
{
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onDestroy();
//移除绑定的监听器
mDrawGestureView.removeOnGesturePerformedListener(this);
}
}
main.xml的代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<android.gesture.GestureOverlayView
android:id="@+id/gesture"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
>
</android.gesture.GestureOverlayView>
</LinearLayout>
对话框对应的布局文件show_gesture.xml代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<LinearLayout
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginRight="8dip"
android:text="@string/set_gesture_name"/>
<EditText
android:id="@+id/name"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>
</LinearLayout>
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/show"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:layout_width="128dp"
android:layout_height="128dp"
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"/>
</LinearLayout>
通过上面Demo代码的实现,可以知道手势库创建保存手势的文件有以下四种方式:
1. GestureLibraries.fromFile(String path): GestureLibraries静态方法,参数path为文件的指定存放路径。返回的是FileGestureLibrary类型的对象;
2. GestureLibraries.fromPrivateFile(Context context, String name):GestureLibraries静态方法,参数path为文件的指定存放路径;返回的是FileGestureLibrary类型的对象;
3. GestureLibraries.fromFile(File path):GestureLibraries的静态方法,参数path为File对象,返回的是FileGestureLibrary类型的对象;
4. GestureLibraries.romRawResource(Contextcontext, int resourceId):GestureLibraries的静态方法, 参数resourceId为文件所在的资源id,返回的是ResourceGestureLibrary类型的对象;
二. 手势保存和加载源码浅析
在分析源码之前,我们先来看看有关涉及到手势保存和加载源码类之间的关系,如下图:
通过上图可以知道:
1. GestureLibrary为抽象类,ResourceGestureLibrary和FileGestureLibrary均继承它;
2. ResourceGestureLibrary和FileGestureLibrary又作为GestureLibraries的内部类;
3. GestureLibrary类中的save和load方法为抽象方法,它们的具体实现在子类ResourceGestureLibrary和FileGestureLibrary中;
通过上文Demo的介绍,我们知道,要想保持用户绘制的手势,前提是需要通过创建相应的手势库来实现;如下步骤:sStore = GestureLibraries.fromFile(mStoreFile)-->sStore.addGesture(name, gesture)-->sStore.save()
接下来根据上面的保存手势步骤来分析源码中的实现:
Step1: GestureLibraries.fromFile(mStoreFile):
public final class GestureLibraries {
...
public static GestureLibrary fromFile(File path) {
return new FileGestureLibrary(path);
}
...
}
该方法返回的是FileGestureLibrary对象,FileGestureLibrary为GestureLibraries内部类;
FileGestureLibrary类的代码如下:
public final class GestureLibraries {
...
private static class FileGestureLibrary extends GestureLibrary {
private final File mPath;
public FileGestureLibrary(File path) {
mPath = path;
}
//手势库只读
@Override
public boolean isReadOnly() {
return !mPath.canWrite();
}
public boolean save() {
if (!mStore.hasChanged()) return true;
final File file = mPath;
final File parentFile = file.getParentFile();
if (!parentFile.exists()) {
if (!parentFile.mkdirs()) {
return false;
}
}
boolean result = false;
try {
//noinspection ResultOfMethodCallIgnored
file.createNewFile();
//通过文件输出流保存手势的相关信息
mStore.save(new FileOutputStream(file), true);
result = true;
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
Log.d(LOG_TAG, "Could not save the gesture library in " + mPath, e);
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.d(LOG_TAG, "Could not save the gesture library in " + mPath, e);
}
return result;
}
public boolean load() {
boolean result = false;
final File file = mPath;
if (file.exists() && file.canRead()) {
try {
//通过文件输出流加载之前保存的手势信息
mStore.load(new FileInputStream(file), true);
result = true;
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
Log.d(LOG_TAG, "Could not load the gesture library from " + mPath, e);
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.d(LOG_TAG, "Could not load the gesture library from " + mPath, e);
}
}
return result;
}
}
...
}
FileGestureLibrary类中的代码实现简介:
1). isReadOnly():该方法实现判断所创建的保存手势文件是否可读;
2). save():实现保存手势的重要方法,在该方法中,实例化所创建文件的输出流,然后根据输出流调用GestureStore的save(OutputStream stream, Boolean closeStream)方法,然后将GestureStore得到的有关手势的信息通过输出流写入文件;
3). Load():该方法实现加载当前已保存手势的文件,当我们需要取出已保存的手势和当前手势进行相似度匹配时,就需要通过手势库加载之前保存的手势文件;
Step2: FileGestureLibrary类没有addGesture方法,所以sStore.addGesture(name, gesture)方法的实现应该在它的父类GestureLibrary中,代码如下:
public abstract class GestureLibrary {
...
protected final GestureStore mStore;
...
//调用执行该方法后,接着要调用执行save(),否则添加不成功
public void addGesture(String entryName, Gesture gesture) {
mStore.addGesture(entryName, gesture);
}
...
}
Step3: 接着调用到GestureStore中的addGesture方法,如下:
public class GestureStore {
...
private final HashMap<String, ArrayList<Gesture>> mNamedGestures =
new HashMap<String, ArrayList<Gesture>>();
private Learner mClassifier;
...
/**
* Add a gesture for the entry
*
* @param entryName entry name
* @param gesture
*/
//手势保存在一个ArrayList集合里,ArrayList又以entryName为key值保存在HashMap集合里
public void addGesture(String entryName, Gesture gesture) {
if (entryName == null || entryName.length() == 0) {
return;
}
ArrayList<Gesture> gestures = mNamedGestures.get(entryName);
if (gestures == null) {
gestures = new ArrayList<Gesture>();
mNamedGestures.put(entryName, gestures);
}
gestures.add(gesture);
//通过gesture得到的Instance对象,存放到mClassifier对象的成员mInstances集合中
mClassifier.addInstance(
Instance.createInstance(mSequenceType, mOrientationStyle, gesture, entryName));
mChanged = true;
}
...
}
GestureStore的addGesture方法中代码实现如下:
1). 实现将用户绘制的手势存放到mNamedGestures(HashMap类型)中;
2). 通过用户绘制的gesture得到的Instance类型的对象(Instance.createInstance);
3). 将Instance类型的对象存放到mClassifier对象(Learner类型)的成员mInstances集合中;
Step4: 执行完sStore.addGesture(name, gesture)添加手势后,我们接着执行sStore.save()保存所添加的手势相关的信息。sStore.save()方法的实现在FileGestureLibrary中,代码如下:
public final class GestureLibraries {
...
private static class FileGestureLibrary extends GestureLibrary {
private final File mPath;
...
public boolean save() {
if (!mStore.hasChanged()) return true;
final File file = mPath;
final File parentFile = file.getParentFile();
if (!parentFile.exists()) {
if (!parentFile.mkdirs()) {
return false;
}
}
boolean result = false;
try {
//noinspection ResultOfMethodCallIgnored
file.createNewFile();
//通过文件输出流保存手势的相关信息
mStore.save(new FileOutputStream(file), true);
result = true;
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
Log.d(LOG_TAG, "Could not save the gesture library in " + mPath, e);
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.d(LOG_TAG, "Could not save the gesture library in " + mPath, e);
}
return result;
}
...
}
...
}
FileGestureLibrary的save方法中的代码实现:
1). 通过传进来的File对象创建其对应的输出流(new FileOutputStream(file))
2). 通过创建的输出流执行调用GestureStore的save方法(mStore.save(new FileOutputStream(file), true))
Step5: GestureStore的save方法代码实现如下:
public class GestureStore {
...
private static final short FILE_FORMAT_VERSION = 1;
private final HashMap<String, ArrayList<Gesture>> mNamedGestures =
new HashMap<String, ArrayList<Gesture>>();
...
public void save(OutputStream stream, boolean closeStream) throws IOException {
DataOutputStream out = null;
try {
long start;
if (PROFILE_LOADING_SAVING) {
start = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
}
final HashMap<String, ArrayList<Gesture>> maps = mNamedGestures;
out = new DataOutputStream((stream instanceof BufferedOutputStream) ? stream :
new BufferedOutputStream(stream, GestureConstants.IO_BUFFER_SIZE));
// Write version number
//往文件中写入FILE_FORMAT_VERSION
out.writeShort(FILE_FORMAT_VERSION);
// Write number of entries
//将ArrayList<Gesture>在mNamedGestures集合中的个数通过输出流写入文件
out.writeInt(maps.size());
//遍历maps
for (Map.Entry<String, ArrayList<Gesture>> entry : maps.entrySet()) {
final String key = entry.getKey();
final ArrayList<Gesture> examples = entry.getValue();
final int count = examples.size();
// Write entry name
out.writeUTF(key); //将key值通过输出流写入文件
// Write number of examples for this entry
out.writeInt(count); //将rrayList<Gesture>集合中Gesture的个数通过输出流写入文件
//遍历ArrayList<Gesture>中的Gesture且调用Gesture的serialize函数进行序列化写入相关信息
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
examples.get(i).serialize(out);
}
}
out.flush();
if (PROFILE_LOADING_SAVING) {
long end = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
Log.d(LOG_TAG, "Saving gestures library = " + (end - start) + " ms");
}
mChanged = false;
} finally {
if (closeStream) GestureUtils.closeStream(out);
}
}
...
}
GestureStore的save方法中代码实现如下:
1). 将执行Step3中得到的mNamedGestures赋值给maps;
2). 通过传进来的输出流创建对应的DataOutputStream类型对象out;
3). 将FILE_FORMAT_VERSION和maps.size()写入out中;
4). 遍历maps,将遍历出的每个ArrayList<Gesture>在maps中的key值和自身存放Gesture的个数count值,分别写入out中;
5). 遍历ArrayList<Gesture>中的Gesture,然后将out作为实参调用执行Gesture的serialize方法;
Step6:继续跟踪到 Gesture的serialize方法,代码如下:
public class Gesture implements Parcelable {
...
private long mGestureID;
private final ArrayList<GestureStroke> mStrokes = new ArrayList<GestureStroke>();
...
public Gesture() {
mGestureID = GESTURE_ID_BASE + sGestureCount.incrementAndGet();
}
...
void serialize(DataOutputStream out) throws IOException {
final ArrayList<GestureStroke> strokes = mStrokes;
final int count = strokes.size();
// Write gesture ID
out.writeLong(mGestureID); //写入GestureID
// Write number of strokes
out.writeInt(count); //写入ArrayList<GestureStroke>集合中GestureStroke的个数
/*遍历ArrayList<GestureStroke>集合,
* 同时调用GestureStroke的serialize函数向输出流中进行序列化写入相关信息
*/
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
strokes.get(i).serialize(out);
}
}
...
}
Gesture的serialize方法中代码实现如下:
1). 将Gesture对应的mStrokes赋值给strokes;
2). 将Gesture的mGestureID和GestureStroke在strokes中的个数count分别写入DataOutputStream类型的对象out;
3). 遍历strokes中的GestureStroke,然后将out作为实参调用执行GestureStroke的serialize方法;
Step7: 继续跟踪到 GestureStroke的serialize方法,代码如下:
public class GestureStroke {
...
public final float[] points; //保存组成手势行程的多数个点的x,y坐标值
private final long[] timestamps;//保存组成手势行程的多数个点的时间戳
...
void serialize(DataOutputStream out) throws IOException {
//points、timestamps分别由ArrayList<GesturePoint>中拆分得到
final float[] pts = points;
final long[] times = timestamps;
final int count = points.length;
// Write number of points
out.writeInt(count / 2);
for (int i = 0; i < count; i += 2) {
// Write X
out.writeFloat(pts[i]); //写入x轴对应的坐标值
// Write Y
out.writeFloat(pts[i + 1]); //写入y轴对应的坐标值
// Write timestamp
out.writeLong(times[i / 2]); //写入时间戳
}
}
...
}
GestureStroke的serialize方法中代码实现如下:
1). 将GestureStroke中对应的点数组points和时间戳数组timestamps分别赋值给数组pts和times
2). 将GestureStroke中组成手势的点数count / 2写入DataOutputStream类型的对象out;(pts数组中每两个元素保存一个点对应的x,y值,所以,总点数为数组所有元素个数count除以2)
3). 遍历数组pts,将每个点对应的x,y轴坐标值和时间戳分别写入out;
关于手势保存源码的浅析就到此结束了,至于手势的加载sStore.load(),其实和手势的保存就是一个逆过程(一个是写入信息,一个读取加载信息)。如果熟悉了手势的保存机制,那么手势的加载机制就不言而喻了!