在VirtualBox中将VMDK磁盘转换为VDI磁盘

我有一个Linux VM需要装Oracle数据库，之前的根盘是vmdk类型的，只有20G，想扩充到40G。
VDI(VirtualBox Disk Image)是VIrtualBox自己的磁盘格式，虽然不如VMDK普及，但支持磁盘扩展等高级功能。因此我需要将以前模板中的VMDK磁盘装换为VDI格式。
步骤如下：

1. 从虚拟机模板(.ova)导入虚拟机
2. 将vmdk格式的磁盘转换为vdi格式。（参考）

PS C:\Program Files\Oracle\VirtualBox> .\VBoxManage clonehd --format VDI E:\TEST\DB12c\OL7U4-disk001.vmdk E:\TEST\DB12c\
OL7U4-rootdisk.vdi
0%...10%...20%...30%...40%...50%...60%...70%...80%...90%...100%
Clone medium created in format 'VDI'. UUID: 24126d4e-bc59-4c4b-a650-3e7eb024af4b

3. 在Media Manager中，将VDI磁盘从20G扩充到40G
   
4. 在虚拟机中，取消关联之前的VMDK磁盘，然后关联新生成的VDI磁盘
5. 启动虚机，扩展磁盘和文件系统

[root@10 ~]# lsblk
NAME        MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda           8:0    0   40G  0 disk 
├─sda1        8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─sda2        8:2    0   19G  0 part 
  ├─ol-root 249:0    0   17G  0 lvm  /
  └─ol-swap 249:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
sr0          11:0    1 1024M  0 rom  
# 在增加的空间上建立分区sda3
[root@10 ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.


Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (3,4, default 3): 
First sector (41943040-83886079, default 41943040): 
Using default value 41943040
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (41943040-83886079, default 83886079): 
Using default value 83886079
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 20 GiB is set

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[root@10 ~]# lsblk
NAME        MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda           8:0    0   40G  0 disk 
├─sda1        8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─sda2        8:2    0   19G  0 part 
  ├─ol-root 249:0    0   17G  0 lvm  /
  └─ol-swap 249:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
sr0          11:0    1 1024M  0 rom  
# 运行partprobe，重新读取分区表
[root@10 ~]# partprobe /dev/sda
[root@10 ~]# lsblk
NAME        MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda           8:0    0   40G  0 disk 
├─sda1        8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
├─sda2        8:2    0   19G  0 part 
│ ├─ol-root 249:0    0   17G  0 lvm  /
│ └─ol-swap 249:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
└─sda3        8:3    0   20G  0 part 
sr0          11:0    1 1024M  0 rom  

[root@10 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda3
  Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created.

[root@10 ~]# vgdisplay -s
  "ol" <19.00 GiB [<19.00 GiB used / 0    free]

[root@10 ~]# vgextend ol /dev/sda3
  Volume group "ol" successfully extended
[root@10 ~]# lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/ol/swap
  LV Name                swap
  VG Name                ol
  LV UUID                RRH8RC-5MNd-lsbJ-pDlb-qpsE-QEQ2-PbQFN2
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost, 2017-12-06 17:07:48 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 2
  LV Size                2.00 GiB
  Current LE             512
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           249:1
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/ol/root
  LV Name                root
  VG Name                ol
  LV UUID                8AP7ks-mRxu-4sqb-7yoK-J98z-ukmP-mux85E
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost, 2017-12-06 17:07:49 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                <17.00 GiB
  Current LE             4351
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           249:0

# 将分区sda3上的空间全部补充到逻辑卷root上
[root@10 ~]# lvextend ol/root /dev/sda3
  Size of logical volume ol/root changed from <17.00 GiB (4351 extents) to 36.99 GiB (9470 extents).
  Logical volume ol/root successfully resized.
[root@10 ~]# lvdisplay ol/root
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/ol/root
  LV Name                root
  VG Name                ol
  LV UUID                8AP7ks-mRxu-4sqb-7yoK-J98z-ukmP-mux85E
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost, 2017-12-06 17:07:49 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                36.99 GiB
  Current LE             9470
  Segments               2
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           249:0
# 扩展文件系统，XFS是Linux 7默认的文件系统，可以看到，剩余空间从11G扩展到了31G
[root@10 ~]# df -h /
Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/ol-root   17G  6.9G   11G  41% /
[root@10 ~]# xfs_growfs ol/root
xfs_growfs: ol/root is not a mounted XFS filesystem
[root@10 ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/ol/root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/ol-root    isize=256    agcount=4, agsize=1113856 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=0        finobt=0 spinodes=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=4455424, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 4455424 to 9697280
[root@10 ~]# df -h /
Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/ol-root   37G  6.9G   31G  19% /

7. 关机，保持虚拟机为模板
8. 清理之前的VMDK文件