AlpineLinux的磁盘管理-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/stgduser/article/details/149104144

在Alpine Linux上进行磁盘管理，你可以执行多种操作，包括查看磁盘使用情况、挂载和卸载文件系统、分区和格式化磁盘等。这些操作和其他发行版本的操作基本一致，差别不大。以下是一些基本的磁盘管理任务和相应的命令：

查看磁盘使用情况：

使用df命令可以查看磁盘的挂载情况和使用空间：

localhost:~# df -h
Filesystem                Size      Used Available Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                 10.0M         0     10.0M   0% /dev
shm                     484.5M         0    484.5M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/vg0/lv_root         36.9G      1.6G     33.4G   5% /
tmpfs                   193.8M    208.0K    193.6M   0% /run
/dev/sda1               271.1M     35.5M    216.6M  14% /boot
tmpfs                   484.5M         0    484.5M   0% /tmp
/dev/vg0/lv_root         36.9G      1.6G     33.4G   5% /var/lib/docker

这将以人类可读的格式（例如MB、GB）显示磁盘空间的使用情况。

查看所有分区信息

你可以通过fdisk -l查看所有分区信息。

localhost:~# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 40 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
5221 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Device  Boot StartCHS    EndCHS        StartLBA     EndLBA    Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 *  0,32,33     38,94,56          2048     616447     614400  300M 83 Linux
/dev/sda2    38,94,57    1023,254,63     616448   83886079   83269632 39.7G 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/dm-0: 1940 MB, 2034237440 bytes, 3973120 sectors
247 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Disk /dev/dm-0 doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/dm-1: 38 GB, 40596668416 bytes, 79290368 sectors
4935 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Disk /dev/dm-1 doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/sdb: 8192 MB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors
1044 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table

分区和格式化：

使用fdisk命令进行分区：

localhost:~# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI, OSF or GPT disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
until you decide to write them. After that the previous content
won't be recoverable.


The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 1044.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
   (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)

Command (m for help): n
Partition type
   p   primary partition (1-4)
   e   extended
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First sector (63-16777215, default 63):
Using default value 63
Last sector or +size{,K,M,G,T} (63-16777215, default 16777215):
Using default value 16777215

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table

然后使用mke2fs命令格式化分区为ext4文件系统：

localhost:~# mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.47.0 (5-Feb-2023)
/dev/sdb1 contains a ext4 file system
        created on Mon Oct 21 21:29:16 2024
Proceed anyway? (y,N) y
Discarding device blocks: done
Creating filesystem with 2097144 4k blocks and 524288 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 1758cb0c-731e-450a-bc04-3f1204d05cb7
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

或者直接使用mkfs.ext4格式化为ext4文件格式

localhost:~# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.47.0 (5-Feb-2023)
Discarding device blocks: done
Creating filesystem with 2097144 4k blocks and 524288 inodes
Filesystem UUID: b1efc461-42a5-4f1e-9222-e28509e171e2
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

挂载文件系统：

使用mount命令将设备挂载到文件系统：

localhost:~# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt

其中/dev/sdb1是设备文件，/mnt是挂载点。

挂载完成后的效果：

localhost:~# df -h
Filesystem                Size      Used Available Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                 10.0M         0     10.0M   0% /dev
shm                     484.5M         0    484.5M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/vg0/lv_root         36.9G      1.6G     33.4G   5% /
tmpfs                   193.8M    208.0K    193.6M   0% /run
/dev/sda1               271.1M     35.5M    216.6M  14% /boot
tmpfs                   484.5M         0    484.5M   0% /tmp
/dev/vg0/lv_root         36.9G      1.6G     33.4G   5% /var/lib/docker
/dev/sdb1                 7.8G      2.0M      7.4G   0% /mnt

卸载文件系统：

使用umount命令卸载已挂载的文件系统：

localhost:~# umount /dev/sdb1

卸载后的结果：

localhost:~# df -h
Filesystem                Size      Used Available Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                 10.0M         0     10.0M   0% /dev
shm                     484.5M         0    484.5M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/vg0/lv_root         36.9G      1.6G     33.4G   5% /
tmpfs                   193.8M    208.0K    193.6M   0% /run
/dev/sda1               271.1M     35.5M    216.6M  14% /boot
tmpfs                   484.5M         0    484.5M   0% /tmp
/dev/vg0/lv_root         36.9G      1.6G     33.4G   5% /var/lib/docker

查看块设备的UUID：

使用blkid命令列出所有可用的块设备及其挂载点：

localhost:~# blkid
/dev/sda1: UUID="24edfcfd-38ca-4697-8dee-c49222ff23e2" BLOCK_SIZE="1024" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="c22a01bb-01"
/dev/sda2: UUID="fVUdUn-9C4B-Em8m-NZOy-kcb1-Lqvn-z3AqKY" TYPE="LVM2_member" PARTUUID="c22a01bb-02"
/dev/mapper/vg0-lv_root: UUID="9be48d84-8113-4423-b7e2-7cd668a6fe56" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/mapper/vg0-lv_swap: UUID="a0d465d3-c3fe-4817-bc52-a4c2d4def262" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sdb1: UUID="1758cb0c-731e-450a-bc04-3f1204d05cb7" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4"

永久挂载：

要使分区在重启后自动挂载，需要编辑/etc/fstab文件并添加相应的挂载信息：

localhost:~# echo "UUID=1758cb0c-731e-450a-bc04-3f1204d05cb7 /mnt ext4 defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab

然后可以使用mount -a命令应用更改

localhost:~# mount -a
localhost:~# df -h
Filesystem                Size      Used Available Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                 10.0M         0     10.0M   0% /dev
shm                     484.5M         0    484.5M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/vg0/lv_root         36.9G      1.6G     33.4G   5% /
tmpfs                   193.8M    208.0K    193.6M   0% /run
/dev/sda1               271.1M     35.5M    216.6M  14% /boot
tmpfs                   484.5M         0    484.5M   0% /tmp
/dev/vg0/lv_root         36.9G      1.6G     33.4G   5% /var/lib/docker
/dev/sdb1                 7.8G      2.0M      7.4G   0% /mnt

磁盘I/O统计：

使用iostat命令监视系统输入/输出设备负载：

localhost:~# iostat
Linux 6.6.52-0-lts (localhost)  10/21/24        _x86_64_        (1 CPU)

avg-cpu:  %user   %nice %system %iowait  %steal   %idle
           0.52    0.00    0.96    0.12    0.00   98.40

Device:            tps   Blk_read/s   Blk_wrtn/s   Blk_read   Blk_wrtn
sda               1.38       132.23         2.51     320990       6082
dm-0              0.04         2.23         0.00       5416          0
dm-1              1.59       122.85         2.50     298210       6064
sdb               0.85         9.28       226.48      22534     549796
sdb1              0.80         7.22       226.48      17526     549788