windows + tomcat 部署web服务 http 改为https访问方法

HTTPS（全称：Hypertext Transfer Protocol over Secure Socket Layer），是以安全为目标的HTTP通道，简单讲是HTTP的安全版。即HTTP下加入SSL层，HTTPS的安全基础是SSL，因此加密的详细内容就需要SSL。 它是一个URI scheme（抽象标识符体系），句法类同http:体系。用于安全的HTTP数据传输。https:URL表明它使用了HTTPS，但HTTPS存在不同于HTTP的默认端口及一个加密/身份验证层（在HTTP与TCP之间）。

想要进行https访问首先得获得一个数字证书. 这种需要花钱的东西对于笔者这种底层码农肯定是不用考虑的,这里使用jdk的keytool生成

进入你的%JAVA_HOME%/bin 目录下shift+右键,打开Powershell窗口

输入下面指令:

keytool -genkey -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA -keystore F:\tomcat.keystore -validity 365

-alias        别名

F:\tomcat.keystore    含义是将证书文件保存在F盘下, 证书名是tomcat.keystore

-validity 365    含义是证书有效期,单位是天

之后会让你输入一些必要的内容如下图:

注:名字与姓氏必须是部署中间件的IP

完成后,你会在上面的路径处发现证书文件已经存在

将该文件放在tomcat的目录下conf文件夹下,

同时打开server.xml 文件

找到下面这段代码

<!--
    <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol"
               maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true" scheme="https" secure="true"
               clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS" />
 -->

将注释去掉后修改代码如下: (https 访问默认是443端口, HTTP 访问默认是80)

<Connector port="8080" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol"
               maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true" scheme="https" secure="true"
               clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS" 
               keystoreFile="./conf/tomcat.keystore"  keystorePass="123456" />

增加了keystoreFile 和 keystorePass 两个参数, 分别表示证书文件的放置位置和密码

将原本的Connercotr注释掉

<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" />

改为

<!--<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" />-->

保存退出,打开同级目录中的web.xml 文件, 在</welcome-file-list>(倒数第2行)标签中添加如下配置

<!--强制使用https，http请求会自动转为https -->
<login-config>
    <auth-method>CLIENT-CERT</auth-method>
    <realm-name>Client Cert Users-only Area</realm-name>
</login-config>
<!--配置网站支持https，/* 表示全部请求都走https， transport-guarantee 标签设置为 CONFIDENTIAL以便使应用支持 SSL。 如果需要关闭 SSL ，将 CONFIDENTIAL 改为 NONE 即可 -->
<security-constraint>
    <web-resource-collection>
        <web-resource-name>SSL</web-resource-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </web-resource-collection>
    <user-data-constraint>
        <transport-guarantee>CONFIDENTIAL</transport-guarantee>
    </user-data-constraint>
</security-constraint>

保存退出后启动Tomcat,此时访问https://127.0.0.1:8080/项目地址

此时有个问题是登录页可以正常显示,但是一旦登录就会报错:

sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target
javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target
	at sun.security.ssl.Alerts.getSSLException(Alerts.java:192)
	at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.fatal(SSLSocketImpl.java:1946)
	at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.fatalSE(Handshaker.java:316)
	at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.fatalSE(Handshaker.java:310)
	at sun.security.ssl.ClientHandshaker.serverCertificate(ClientHandshaker.java:1639)
	at sun.security.ssl.ClientHandshaker.processMessage(ClientHandshaker.java:223)
	at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.processLoop(Handshaker.java:1037)
	at sun.security.ssl.Handshaker.process_record(Handshaker.java:965)
	at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.readRecord(SSLSocketImpl.java:1064)
	at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.performInitialHandshake(SSLSocketImpl.java:1367)
	at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.startHandshake(SSLSocketImpl.java:1395)
	at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.startHandshake(SSLSocketImpl.java:1379)
	at org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory.createLayeredSocket(SSLConnectionSocketFactory.java:394)
	at org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory.connectSocket(SSLConnectionSocketFactory.java:353)
	at org.apache.http.impl.conn.DefaultHttpClientConnectionOperator.connect(DefaultHttpClientConnectionOperator.java:134)
	at org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager.connect(PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager.java:353)
	at org.apache.http.impl.execchain.MainClientExec.establishRoute(MainClientExec.java:380)
	at org.apache.http.impl.execchain.MainClientExec.execute(MainClientExec.java:236)
	at org.apache.http.impl.execchain.ProtocolExec.execute(ProtocolExec.java:184)
	at org.apache.http.impl.execchain.RetryExec.execute(RetryExec.java:88)
	at org.apache.http.impl.execchain.RedirectExec.execute(RedirectExec.java:110)
	at org.apache.http.impl.client.InternalHttpClient.doExecute(InternalHttpClient.java:184)
	at org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient.execute(CloseableHttpClient.java:82)
	at org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient.execute(CloseableHttpClient.java:107)
	at org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient.execute(CloseableHttpClient.java:55)

这是因为证书是自己生成的,不在jdk 的可信任白名单中,解决方法:(先别关闭tomcat)

回到桌面, 新建记事本,粘贴以下内容:

import java.io.*;
import java.net.URL;
 
import java.security.*;
import java.security.cert.*;
 
import javax.net.ssl.*;
 
public class InstallCert {
 
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    String host;
    int port;
    char[] passphrase;
    if ((args.length == 1) || (args.length == 2)) {
        String[] c = args[0].split(":");
        host = c[0];
        port = (c.length == 1) ? 443 : Integer.parseInt(c[1]);
        String p = (args.length == 1) ? "changeit" : args[1];
        passphrase = p.toCharArray();
    } else {
        System.out.println("Usage: java InstallCert <host>[:port] [passphrase]");
        return;
    }
 
    File file = new File("jssecacerts");
    if (file.isFile() == false) {
        char SEP = File.separatorChar;
        File dir = new File(System.getProperty("java.home") + SEP
            + "lib" + SEP + "security");
        file = new File(dir, "jssecacerts");
        if (file.isFile() == false) {
        file = new File(dir, "cacerts");
        }
    }
    System.out.println("Loading KeyStore " + file + "...");
    InputStream in = new FileInputStream(file);
    KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());
    ks.load(in, passphrase);
    in.close();
 
    SSLContext context = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
    TrustManagerFactory tmf =
        TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
    tmf.init(ks);
    X509TrustManager defaultTrustManager = (X509TrustManager)tmf.getTrustManagers()[0];
    SavingTrustManager tm = new SavingTrustManager(defaultTrustManager);
    context.init(null, new TrustManager[] {tm}, null);
    SSLSocketFactory factory = context.getSocketFactory();
 
    System.out.println("Opening connection to " + host + ":" + port + "...");
    SSLSocket socket = (SSLSocket)factory.createSocket(host, port);
    socket.setSoTimeout(10000);
    try {
        System.out.println("Starting SSL handshake...");
        socket.startHandshake();
        socket.close();
        System.out.println();
        System.out.println("No errors, certificate is already trusted");
    } catch (SSLException e) {
        System.out.println();
        e.printStackTrace(System.out);
    }
 
    X509Certificate[] chain = tm.chain;
    if (chain == null) {
        System.out.println("Could not obtain server certificate chain");
        return;
    }
 
    BufferedReader reader =
        new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
 
    System.out.println();
    System.out.println("Server sent " + chain.length + " certificate(s):");
    System.out.println();
    MessageDigest sha1 = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA1");
    MessageDigest md5 = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
    for (int i = 0; i < chain.length; i++) {
        X509Certificate cert = chain[i];
        System.out.println
            (" " + (i + 1) + " Subject " + cert.getSubjectDN());
        System.out.println("   Issuer  " + cert.getIssuerDN());
        sha1.update(cert.getEncoded());
        System.out.println("   sha1    " + toHexString(sha1.digest()));
        md5.update(cert.getEncoded());
        System.out.println("   md5     " + toHexString(md5.digest()));
        System.out.println();
    }
 
    System.out.println("Enter certificate to add to trusted keystore or 'q' to quit: [1]");
    String line = reader.readLine().trim();
    int k;
    try {
        k = (line.length() == 0) ? 0 : Integer.parseInt(line) - 1;
    } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
        System.out.println("KeyStore not changed");
        return;
    }
 
    X509Certificate cert = chain[k];
    String alias = host + "-" + (k + 1);
    ks.setCertificateEntry(alias, cert);
 
    OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("jssecacerts");
    ks.store(out, passphrase);
    out.close();
 
    System.out.println();
    System.out.println(cert);
    System.out.println();
    System.out.println
        ("Added certificate to keystore 'jssecacerts' using alias '"
        + alias + "'");
    }
 
    private static final char[] HEXDIGITS = "0123456789abcdef".toCharArray();
 
    private static String toHexString(byte[] bytes) {
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(bytes.length * 3);
    for (int b : bytes) {
        b &= 0xff;
        sb.append(HEXDIGITS[b >> 4]);
        sb.append(HEXDIGITS[b & 15]);
        sb.append(' ');
    }
    return sb.toString();
    }
 
    private static class SavingTrustManager implements X509TrustManager {
 
    private final X509TrustManager tm;
    private X509Certificate[] chain;
 
    SavingTrustManager(X509TrustManager tm) {
        this.tm = tm;
    }
 
    public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }
 
    public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType)
        throws CertificateException {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }
 
    public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType)
        throws CertificateException {
        this.chain = chain;
        tm.checkServerTrusted(chain, authType);
    }
    }
 
}

保存后将文件名改为: InstallCert.java

在桌面,Shift + 右键, 打开Power shell窗口,编译InstallCert.java文件

 编译后, 继续执行:

#IP为tomcat部署的IP,端口为上面tomcat的server.xml中Connercotr中配置的端口号
java InstallCert 127.0.0.1:8080

输入1继续:

 

 此时桌面会生成一个"jssecacerts"文件,将此文件放到%JAVA_HOME%/jre/lib/security/下

重启tomcat,再次访问系统,登录后发现问题解决