1. 介绍
百度百科：Docker 是一个开源的应用容器引擎，让开发者可以打包他们的应用以及依赖包到一个可移植的容器中，然后发布到任何流行的Linux 机器上，也可以实现虚拟化。容器是完全使用沙箱机制，相互之间不会有任何接口。Docker 使用客户端-服务器 (C/S) 架构模式，使用远程API来管理和创建Docker容器。Docker 容器通过 Docker 镜像来创建。容器与镜像的关系类似于面向对象编程中的对象与类
2. docker安装配置
Docker 软件包已经包括在默认的 CentOS-Extras 软件源里。
查看源中包含的docker安装包
[root@yzb-centos72-3 ~]# yum list available | grep docker
Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
cockpit-docker.x86_64 131-3.el7.centos extras
docker.x86_64 2:1.12.6-11.el7.centos extras
docker-client.x86_64 2:1.12.6-11.el7.centos extras
docker-client-latest.x86_64 1.12.6-11.el7.centos extras
docker-common.x86_64 2:1.12.6-11.el7.centos extras
docker-devel.x86_64 1.3.2-4.el7.centos extras
docker-distribution.x86_64 2.6.0-1.el7 extras
docker-forward-journald.x86_64 1.10.3-44.el7.centos extras
docker-latest.x86_64 1.12.6-11.el7.centos extras
docker-latest-logrotate.x86_64 1.12.6-11.el7.centos extras
docker-latest-v1.10-migrator.x86_64 1.12.6-11.el7.centos extras
docker-logrotate.x86_64 2:1.12.6-11.el7.centos extras
docker-lvm-plugin.x86_64 2:1.12.6-11.el7.centos extras
docker-novolume-plugin.x86_64 2:1.12.6-11.el7.centos extras
docker-python.x86_64 1.4.0-115.el7 extras
docker-registry.noarch 0.6.8-8.el7 extras
docker-registry.x86_64 0.9.1-7.el7 extras
docker-unit-test.x86_64 2:1.12.6-11.el7.centos extras
docker-v1.10-migrator.x86_64 2:1.12.6-11.el7.centos extras
python-docker-py.noarch 1.10.6-1.el7 extras
python-docker-pycreds.noarch 1.10.6-1.el7 extras
docker的详细信息
[root@yzb-centos72-3 ~]# yum info docker
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Available Packages
Name : docker
Arch : x86_64
Epoch : 2
Version : 1.12.6
Release : 11.el7.centos
Size : 20 M
Repo : extras/7/x86_64
Summary : Automates deployment of containerized applications
URL : https://github.com/docker/docker
License : ASL 2.0
Description : Docker is an open-source engine that automates the deployment of any
: application as a lightweight, portable, self-sufficient container that will
: run virtually anywhere.
:
: Docker containers can encapsulate any payload, and will run consistently on
: and between virtually any server. The same container that a developer builds
: and tests on a laptop will run at scale, in production*, on VMs, bare-metal
: servers, OpenStack clusters, public instances, or combinations of the above.
[root@yzb-centos72-3 ~]
因此想要安装 docker，只需要运行下面的 yum 命令：
安装
[root@yzb-centos72-3 ~]# yum install dock
启动
[root@yzb-centos72-3 ~]# systemctl start docker.service
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start docker.service
开机自启动
[root@yzb-centos72-3 ~]# systemctl enable docker.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.
下载镜像centos
[root@yzb-centos72-3 ~]# docker pull centos
Using default tag: latest
Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/centos ...
latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/centos
93857f76ae30: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:4eda692c08e0a065ae91d74e82fff4af3da307b4341ad61fa61771cc4659af60
查看镜像centos
[root@yzb-centos72-3 ~]# docker images centos
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
docker.io/centos latest a8493f5f50ff 4 weeks ago 192.5 MB
启动镜像centos
[root@yzb-centos72-3 ~]# docker run -i -t centos /bin/bash
可以看到主机名变成了一个串bcb334eb3379。
[root@bcb334eb3379 /]#
进入根目录，查看目录结构
[root@bcb334eb3379 local]# cd /
[root@bcb334eb3379 /]# ll
total 24
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15747 Apr 6 14:54 anaconda-post.log
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Apr 6 14:52 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 380 May 8 01:49 dev
drwxr-xr-x 47 root root 4096 May 8 01:49 etc
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 home
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Apr 6 14:52 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Apr 6 14:52 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------ 2 root root 6 Apr 6 14:52 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 media
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 mnt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 opt
dr-xr-xr-x 140 root root 0 May 8 01:49 proc
dr-xr-x--- 2 root root 130 Apr 6 14:54 root
drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 135 May 8 01:49 run
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Apr 6 14:52 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 srv
dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root 0 May 8 01:49 sys
drwxrwxrwt 7 root root 125 Apr 6 14:54 tmp
drwxr-xr-x 13 root root 143 Apr 6 14:52 usr
drwxr-xr-x 18 root root 4096 Apr 6 14:54 var
[root@bcb334eb3379 /]#
退出
[root@bcb334eb3379 /]# exit
exit
返回到宿主系统，查看根目录结构，两者是不一样的。
[root@yzb-centos72-3 ~]# cd /
[root@yzb-centos72-3 /]# ll
total 64
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Jan 2 22:59 bin -> usr/bin
dr-xr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 Jan 9 19:21 boot
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 May 4 13:04 data
drwxr-xr-x 20 root root 3120 May 8 09:51 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 81 root root 4096 May 8 09:39 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 May 4 13:31 home
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Jan 2 22:59 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Jan 2 22:59 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------. 2 root root 16384 Jan 2 22:58 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Aug 12 2015 media
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Aug 12 2015 mnt
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Aug 12 2015 opt
dr-xr-xr-x 133 root root 0 Apr 1 13:02 proc
dr-xr-x---. 5 root root 4096 May 5 14:15 root
drwxr-xr-x 24 root root 780 May 8 09:49 run
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 8 Jan 2 22:59 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Aug 12 2015 srv
dr-xr-xr-x 13 root root 0 Apr 1 13:02 sys
drwxrwxrwt. 15 root root 4096 May 8 09:49 tmp
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 4096 Jan 2 22:59 usr
drwxr-xr-x. 19 root root 4096 Apr 1 13:02 var
查看已有的images
[root@yzb-centos72-3 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
stone-docker latest 7a7087f67b98 5 minutes ago 202.4 MB
docker.io/centos latest a8493f5f50ff 4 weeks ago 192.5 MB
启动
[root@yzb-centos72-3 ~]# docker run -i -t centos /bin/bash
退出
[root@86bd3bcfc689 /]#exit
用刚才的86bd3bcfc689 生成一个image
[root@yzb-centos72-3 ~]# docker commit 86bd3bcfc689 test-docker
sha256:9db8306d0248b0b33489b8995d27290482a2621847e1f164f732ef7282fdaaf6
查看生成的images
[root@yzb-centos72-3 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
test-docker latest 9db8306d0248 About a minute ago 192.5 MB
stone-docker latest 7a7087f67b98 11 minutes ago 202.4 MB
docker.io/centos latest a8493f5f50ff 4 weeks ago 192.5 MB
启动、挂载、配置
[root@yzb-centos72-3 ~]# docker run -i -t -v /data/software/:/mnt/data test-docker /bin/bash
docker run <相关参数> <镜像 ID> <初始命令>
其中，相关参数包括：
-
-i：表示以“交互模式”运行容器
-
-t：表示容器启动后会进入其命令行
-
-v：表示需要将本地哪个目录挂载到容器中，格式：-v <宿主机目录>:<容器目录>
[root@f2a9fff624a7 data]# ll
total 246172
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 9949259 May 4 05:04 apache-tomcat-8.5.13.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 43817141 May 4 05:04 dfs-test.war
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 4 05:13 elk
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 May 4 05:04 img-cloud
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 183246769 May 4 05:04 jdk-8u121-linux-x64.tar.gz
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 4 05:04 logs
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 14777845 May 4 05:04 robomongo-1.0.0-windows-x86_64-89f24ea.zip
做一些拷贝
[root@f2a9fff624a7 data]# cp apache-tomcat-8.5.13.zip /home
[root@f2a9fff624a7 data]# cd /home
[root@Ahome]# ll
total 9720
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 9949259 May 8 03:31 apache-tomcat-8.5.13.zip
[root@f2a9fff624a7 home]#
提交变更
[root@yzb-centos72-3 ~]# docker commit f2a9fff624a7 test-docker
sha256:d8f4b83cdc53f060ac173c103ffbe0f98cadd7b0f2c776a328899095de3f0efc
再次启动，看看是否保存了上次拷贝的tomcat
[root@yzb-centos72-3 home]# docker run -i -t test-docker
[root@21afb3060c88 /]# cd /home
[root@21afb3060c88 home]# ll
total 9720
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 9949259 May 8 05:15 apache-tomcat-8.5.13.zip
docker 常用命令
删除所有容器
docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)
删除所有镜像
docker rmi $(docker images -a -q)
进入正在运行的容器
docker exec -it name /bin/bash
登录阿里云docker
docker login --username=hi31401912@aliyun.com registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com
docker pull registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/zybros/yonyou:[镜像版本号]
docker tag 37bb9c63c8b2 registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/acs/agent:0.7-dfb6816
docker push registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/zybros/yonyou:[镜像版本号]一般更标准的方式是使用dockerfile生成镜像，因为dockerfile有更多的优点
比如：
镜像环境一看dockerfile就很清晰
镜像环境维护也简单，通过改dockerfile，重新生成一份镜像即可
等等
后面会写一篇专门用dockerfile构建影像的内容
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