Scrapy爬取知乎数据并用scrapy_redis搭建分布式

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-05 20:06:05 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-05 20:06:05 发布

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分类专栏： # Python爬虫

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/stranger_top/article/details/113053894

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该博客详细介绍了如何使用Scrapy框架和Redis进行知乎个人资料的爬取，包括定义爬取字段、设置爬取规则、数据存储到MongoDB以及配置Scrapy设置。爬虫主要抓取了用户的名字、简介、工作行业、关注数和粉丝数。

摘要由CSDN通过智能技术生成

仅供个人学习，如有侵权联系删除

知乎网站分析

1、个人资料页面url为：https://www.zhihu.com/people/…
2、分析出需要爬取内容的xpath

创建爬虫

使用crawl模板生成spider

scrapy startproject pachong7
cd zhihu
scrapy genspider -t crawl zhihu zhihu.com

源码

仅供个人学习使用，禁止爬取个人隐私、商业信息等

items.py

定义需要爬取的字段

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy

class Pachong7Item(scrapy.Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    # name = scrapy.Field()
    # 名称
    name = scrapy.Field()
    # 介绍
    intro = scrapy.Field()
    # 工作行业
    detail = scrapy.Field()
    # 关注的对象数
    following = scrapy.Field()
    # 粉丝数
    followers = scrapy.Field()

zhuhu.py

具体爬取规则

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
from scrapy.linkextractors import LinkExtractor
from scrapy.spiders import CrawlSpider, Rule
from pachong7.items import Pachong7Item
from scrapy_redis.spiders import RedisCrawlSpider


class ZhihuSpider(RedisCrawlSpider):
    name = 'zhihu'
    allowed_domains = ['zhihu.com']
    redis_key = 'ZhihuSpider:start_urls'

    rules = (
        Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=(['people/.*/following$',
                                  'people/.*/followers$']),)),
        Rule(LinkExtractor(allow=('www.zhihu.com/people/((?!/).)*$', )),
             callback='parse_item', follow=True),
    )

    def parse_item(self, response):
        item = Pachong7Item()
        item['name'] = response.xpath("//*[@class='ProfileHeader-name']/text()").extract_first()
        item['intro'] = response.xpath("//*[@class='ztext ProfileHeader-headline']/text()").extract_first()
        item['detail'] = response.xpath("string(//*[@class='ProfileHeader-info'])").extract_first()
        follow_list = response.xpath("//*[@class='NumberBoard-itemValue']/text()").extract()
        if follow_list:
            item['following'] = follow_list[0]
            item['followers'] = follow_list[1]
        #print("昵称：", item['name'])
        return item

pipelines.py

爬取数据的存储
将数据存入mongodb数据库

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import pymongo
from pymongo import MongoClient

class Pachong7Pipeline(object):

    def open_spider(self, spider):
        self.db = MongoClient('localhost', 27017).zhihu_db
        self.collection = self.db.zhihu_collection2

    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        self.collection.insert_one(dict(item))

    def close_spider(self, spider):
        self.collection.close()

settings.py

设置自己的USER_AGENT；
设置下载延时；
开启管道文件：ITEM_PIPELINES = { 'pachong7.pipelines.Pachong7Pipeline': 300, }

# 设置scrapy_redis作为调度器
SCHEDULER = "scrapy_redis.scheduler.Scheduler"
# 设置redis去重
DUPEFILTER_CLASS = "scrapy_redis.dupefilter.RFPDupeFilter"
# 设置redis连接信息
REDIS_URL = 'redis://localhost:6379'
# 设置redis队列为保存
SCHEDULER_PERSIST = True