[Python] 格式化输出（1）

Python版本：Python 2.7.13rc1

1.基本格式化输出

Old style：%

>>> print 'We are the %s who say "%s"!' % ('knights','Hi')
We are the knights who say "Hi"!

New style：str.format() method

>>> print 'We are the {} who say "{}"!'.format('knights','Hi')
We are the knights who say "Hi"!

>>> print 'We are the {1} who say "{0}"! So {other}'.format('knights','Hi',other='great.')
We are the Hi who say "knights"! So great.

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2.str() 和 repr()

>>> class Data(object):
    def __str__(self):
        return 'str'
    def __repr__(self):
        return 'repr'

Old style:

>>> print '%s %r' % (Data(),Data())
str repr

New Style：

>>> print '{0!s} {0!r}'.format(Data(),Data())
str repr

注意： %s和%r的区别

>>> print '1.%s2.%r' % ('Old\n','Old\n')
1.Old
2.'Old\n'

在上面这段代码中，使用%r后，转义字符就失去了作用，print出来的是写到代码里的原始字符串。%s用作显示，%r用作debug。

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3.对齐

右对齐:

>>> print '! %20s' % ('test')
!                 test
>>> print '! {:>20}'.format('test')
!                 test

左对齐:

>>> print '%-20s !' % ('test')
test                 !
>>> print '{:20} !'.format('test')
test                 !

.format()可以加入填充字符：

>>> print '{:_<20} !'.format('test')
test________________ !
>>> print '! {:_>20}'.format('test')
! ________________test

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4.截断长字符串

假设我们只需要显示5个字符：

>>> print 'It is %.5s !' % ('Goodstyle')
It is Goods !
>>> print 'It is {:.5} !'.format('Goodstyle')
It is Goods !

截断并对齐：

>>> print 'It is %-10.5s !' % ('Goodstyle')
It is Goods      !
>>> print 'It is {:<10.5} !'.format('Goodstyle')
It is Goods      !

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