递归排序

Combinatorics.cs代码清单   using System; using System.Collections; using System.Data;        /// <summary>      /// 组合数学函数集      /// </summary>      public class Combinatorics      {                  #region 公共函数                      /// <summary>          /// 把二维整形数组转换为数据表          /// </summary>          public static DataTable TwoDemisionIntArrayToDataTable(int[, ]source)          {               DataTable dt = new DataTable();               DataRow dr;               int i, j;                         int b1 = source.GetUpperBound(0), b2 = source.GetUpperBound(1);                //获取二维表的各维长度                                          for (i = 0; i <= b1; i ++ )                                                         //以第二维长度创建数据表的各字段                    dt.Columns.Add(i.ToString(), System.Type.GetType("System.Int32"));                 for (i = 0; i <= b2; i ++ )                                                         //对各返回排列循环               {                    dr = dt.NewRow();                                                              //准备插入新行                    for (j = 0; j <= b1; j ++ )                                                    //在新行中逐个填入返回排列的各元素次序                                        dr[j.ToString()] = source[j, i];                                      //用序数指针获取原元素的值                    dt.Rows.Add(dr);                                                               //插入新行               }                 return dt;          }                /// <summary>          /// 连乘积函数                   /// </summary>          public static int Product(int start, int finish)          {               int factorial = 1;               for (int i = start; i <= finish; i ++ )                    factorial *= i;               return factorial;          }                              /// <summary>          /// 阶乘函数                 /// </summary>          public static int Factorial(int n)          {               return Product(2, n);          }                                       /// <summary>          /// 排列数函数                   /// </summary>          public static int ArrangeCount(int m, int n)          {               return Product(n - m + 1, n);                  }                    /// <summary>          /// 生成排列表函数               /// </summary>          public static int[, ]Arrange(int m, int n)          {               int A = ArrangeCount(m, n);               //求得排列数，安排返回数组的第一维               int[, ]arrange = new int[m, A];           //定义返回数组               ArrayList e = new ArrayList();            //设置元素表               for (int i = 0; i < n; i ++ )                    e.Add(i + 1);               Arrange(ref arrange, e, m, 0, 0);               return arrange;          }            /// <summary>          /// 组合数函数                   /// </summary>          public static int CombinationCount(int m, int n)          {               int a = Product(n - m + 1, n), b = Product(2, m);       //a=n-m+1 * ... * n ; b = m!               return (int) a/b;                                            //c=a/b                                        }            /// <summary>          /// 生成组合表函数               /// </summary>          public static int[, ]Combination(int m, int n)          {               int A = CombinationCount(m, n);                //求得排列数，安排返回数组的第一维               int[, ]combination = new int[m, A];            //定义返回数组               ArrayList e = new ArrayList();                 //设置元素表               for (int i = 0; i < n; i ++ )                    e.Add(i + 1);               Combination(ref combination, e, m, 0, 0);               return combination;          }                      #endregion                    #region 内部核心            /// <summary>          /// 排列函数          /// </summary>          /// <param name="reslut">返回值数组</param>          /// <param name="elements">可供选择的元素数组</param>          ///  <param name="m">目标选定元素个数</param>                     /// <param name="x">当前返回值数组的列坐标</param>          /// <param name="y">当前返回值数组的行坐标</param>          private static void Arrange(ref int[, ]reslut, ArrayList elements, int m, int x, int y)          {                            int sub = ArrangeCount(m - 1, elements.Count - 1);                    //求取当前子排列的个数               for (int i = 0; i < elements.Count; i++, y += sub)                    //每个元素均循环一次,每次循环后移动行指针               {                                     int val = RemoveAndWrite(elements, i, ref reslut, x, y, sub);                                                                                                        if (m > 1)                                                                 //递归条件为子排列数大于1                        Arrange(ref reslut, elements, m - 1, x + 1, y);                    elements.Insert(i, val);                                              //恢复刚才删除的元素                                 }          }                    /// <summary>          /// 组合函数          /// </summary>          /// <param name="reslut">返回值数组</param>          /// <param name="elements">可供选择的元素数组</param>          ///  <param name="m">目标选定元素个数</param>                     /// <param name="x">当前返回值数组的列坐标</param>          /// <param name="y">当前返回值数组的行坐标</param>          private static void Combination(ref int[, ]reslut, ArrayList elements, int m, int x, int y)          {                            ArrayList tmpElements = new ArrayList();                              //所有本循环使用的元素都将暂时存放在这个数组               int elementsCount = elements.Count;                                        //先记录可选元素个数               int sub;               for (int i = elementsCount - 1; i >= m - 1; i--, y += sub)            //从elementsCount-1(即n-1)到m-1的循环,每次循环后移动行指针               {                    sub = CombinationCount(m-1,i);                                   //求取当前子组合的个数                    int val = RemoveAndWrite(elements, 0, ref reslut, x, y, sub);                                                                                     tmpElements.Add(val);                                                 //把这个可选元素存放到临时数组,循环结束后一并恢复到elements数组中                                     if (sub > 1 || (elements.Count + 1 == m && elements.Count > 0))  //递归条件为 子组合数大于1 或 可选元素个数+1等于当前目标选择元素个数且可选元素个数大于1                        Combination(ref reslut, elements, m - 1, x + 1, y);                                                }               elements.InsertRange(0, tmpElements);                                 //一次性把上述循环删除的可选元素恢复到可选元素数组中                     }            /// <summary>          /// 返回由Index指定的可选元素值,并在数组中删除之,再从y行开始在x列中连续写入subComb个值          /// </summary>          private static int RemoveAndWrite(ArrayList elements, int index, ref int[, ]reslut, int x, int y, int count)          {               int val = (int) elements[index];               elements.RemoveAt(index);               for (int i = 0; i < count; i ++ )                    reslut[x, y + i] = val;                             return val;          }                            #endregion       }         测试窗体frmTest.cs代码清单:    using System; using System.Drawing; using System.Collections; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.Data;   namespace CombinatoricsLib {      /// <summary>      /// Form1 的摘要说明。      /// </summary>      public class frmTest : System.Windows.Forms.Form      {          private System.Windows.Forms.DataGrid gridShow;          private System.Windows.Forms.NumericUpDown numM;          private System.Windows.Forms.Button btnGo;          private System.Windows.Forms.DomainUpDown domainFunction;          private System.Windows.Forms.StatusBar statusBar1;          private System.Windows.Forms.StatusBarPanel panelErrMsg;          private System.Windows.Forms.NumericUpDown numN;          /// <summary>          /// 必需的设计器变量。          /// </summary>          private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null;            public frmTest()          {               //               // Windows 窗体设计器支持所必需的               //               InitializeComponent();                 //               // TODO: 在 InitializeComponent 调用后添加任何构造函数代码               //          }            /// <summary>          /// 清理所有正在使用的资源。          /// </summary>          protected override void Dispose( bool disposing )          {               if( disposing )               {                    if (components != null)                     {                        components.Dispose();                    }               }               base.Dispose( disposing );          }            #region Windows 窗体设计器生成的代码          /// <summary>          /// 设计器支持所需的方法 - 不要使用代码编辑器修改          /// 此方法的内容。          /// </summary>          private void InitializeComponent()          {               this.gridShow = new System.Windows.Forms.DataGrid();               this.domainFunction = new System.Windows.Forms.DomainUpDown();               this.numM = new System.Windows.Forms.NumericUpDown();               this.numN = new System.Windows.Forms.NumericUpDown();               this.btnGo = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();               this.statusBar1 = new System.Windows.Forms.StatusBar();               this.panelErrMsg = new System.Windows.Forms.StatusBarPanel();               ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.gridShow)).BeginInit();               ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.numM)).BeginInit();               ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.numN)).BeginInit();               ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.panelErrMsg)).BeginInit();               this.SuspendLayout();               //                // gridShow               //                this.gridShow.AlternatingBackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Lavender;               this.gridShow.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.WhiteSmoke;               this.gridShow.BackgroundColor = System.Drawing.Color.LightGray;               this.gridShow.BorderStyle = System.Windows.Forms.BorderStyle.None;               this.gridShow.CaptionBackColor = System.Drawing.Color.LightSteelBlue;               this.gridShow.CaptionForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.MidnightBlue;               this.gridShow.DataMember = "";               this.gridShow.FlatMode = true;               this.gridShow.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Tahoma", 8F);               this.gridShow.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.MidnightBlue;               this.gridShow.GridLineColor = System.Drawing.Color.Gainsboro;               this.gridShow.GridLineStyle = System.Windows.Forms.DataGridLineStyle.None;               this.gridShow.HeaderBackColor = System.Drawing.Color.MidnightBlue;               this.gridShow.HeaderFont = new System.Drawing.Font("Tahoma", 8F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Bold);               this.gridShow.HeaderForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.WhiteSmoke;               this.gridShow.LinkColor = System.Drawing.Color.Teal;               this.gridShow.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(24, 88);               this.gridShow.Name = "gridShow";               this.gridShow.ParentRowsBackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Gainsboro;               this.gridShow.ParentRowsForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.MidnightBlue;               this.gridShow.ReadOnly = true;               this.gridShow.SelectionBackColor = System.Drawing.Color.CadetBlue;               this.gridShow.SelectionForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.WhiteSmoke;               this.gridShow.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(648, 344);               this.gridShow.TabIndex = 0;               //                // domainFunction               //                this.domainFunction.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.Info;               this.domainFunction.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("宋体", 36F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((System.Byte)(134)));               this.domainFunction.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.Teal;               this.domainFunction.Items.Add("C");               this.domainFunction.Items.Add("A");               this.domainFunction.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(24, 8);               this.domainFunction.Name = "domainFunction";               this.domainFunction.ReadOnly = true;               this.domainFunction.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(48, 62);               this.domainFunction.TabIndex = 1;               this.domainFunction.Text = "C";               //                // numM               //                this.numM.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.PeachPuff;               this.numM.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("宋体", 12F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((System.Byte)(134)));               this.numM.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.Teal;               this.numM.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(80, 8);               this.numM.Maximum = new System.Decimal(new int[] {                                                                             20,                                                                             0,                                                                             0,                                                                             0});               this.numM.Minimum = new System.Decimal(new int[] {                                                                             1,                                                                             0,                                                                             0,                                                                             0});               this.numM.Name = "numM";               this.numM.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(56, 26);               this.numM.TabIndex = 4;               this.numM.Value = new System.Decimal(new int[] {                                                                          2,                                                                          0,                                                                          0,                                                                          0});               //                // numN               //                this.numN.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Bisque;               this.numN.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("宋体", 12F);               this.numN.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.Teal;               this.numN.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(80, 40);               this.numN.Maximum = new System.Decimal(new int[] {                                                                             25,                                                                             0,                                                                             0,                                                                             0});               this.numN.Minimum = new System.Decimal(new int[] {                                                                             1,                                                                             0,                                                                             0,                                                                             0});               this.numN.Name = "numN";               this.numN.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(56, 26);               this.numN.TabIndex = 5;               this.numN.Value = new System.Decimal(new int[] {                                                                          4,                                                                          0,                                                                          0,                                                                          0});               //                // btnGo               //                this.btnGo.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.PaleTurquoise;               this.btnGo.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(184, 24);               this.btnGo.Name = "btnGo";               this.btnGo.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(88, 32);               this.btnGo.TabIndex = 6;               this.btnGo.Text = "Go!";               this.btnGo.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.btnGo_Click);               //                // statusBar1               //                this.statusBar1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(0, 453);               this.statusBar1.Name = "statusBar1";               this.statusBar1.Panels.AddRange(new System.Windows.Forms.StatusBarPanel[] {                                                                                                          this.panelErrMsg});               this.statusBar1.ShowPanels = true;               this.statusBar1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(704, 32);               this.statusBar1.TabIndex = 7;               this.statusBar1.Text = "statusBar1";               //                // panelErrMsg               //                this.panelErrMsg.AutoSize = System.Windows.Forms.StatusBarPanelAutoSize.Contents;               this.panelErrMsg.Text = "Idle";               this.panelErrMsg.Width = 39;               //                // frmTest               //                this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(6, 14);               this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(704, 485);               this.Controls.Add(this.statusBar1);               this.Controls.Add(this.btnGo);               this.Controls.Add(this.numN);               this.Controls.Add(this.numM);               this.Controls.Add(this.domainFunction);               this.Controls.Add(this.gridShow);               this.MaximizeBox = false;               this.Name = "frmTest";               this.StartPosition = System.Windows.Forms.FormStartPosition.CenterScreen;               this.Text = "frmTest";               ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.gridShow)).EndInit();               ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.numM)).EndInit();               ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.numN)).EndInit();               ((System.ComponentModel.ISupportInitialize)(this.panelErrMsg)).EndInit();               this.ResumeLayout(false);            }          #endregion            /// <summary>          /// 应用程序的主入口点。          /// </summary>          [STAThread]          static void Main()           {               Application.Run(new frmTest());          }            private void btnGo_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)          {               int[, ]reslut;               int m = (int)numM.Value, n = (int)numN.Value;                              if (m <= n)               {                    panelErrMsg.Text = "Running...";                    if (domainFunction.Text == "A")                                        reslut = Combinatorics.Arrange(m, n);                    else                        reslut = Combinatorics.Combination(m, n);                                            panelErrMsg.Text = "Showing...";                    gridShow.DataSource = Combinatorics.TwoDemisionIntArrayToDataTable(reslut);                    panelErrMsg.Text = "Idle";               }               else                              panelErrMsg.Text = "Input number is invalid";          }      } }

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