WideCharToMultiByte和MultiByteToWideChar函数的相关用法

最近刚换一工作，开发工具使用VS2008，于是我得从前一个公司熟悉的VC6编程环境转换到vs2008,，首当其重视是unicode编码的注意事项。查了下windows核心编程，总结了一下多字节和宽字节之间的一些相互转换。

最近写一个接口，接口字符串参数全都都是用char*形式传入的，所以在我的unicode编译环境下，首先得把传入的多字节参数转换成宽字节

int WriteIniFile(const char* szFileName)
{
	CONST TCHAR* pFileFullName = NULL;
	
#ifdef UNICODE //传入的参数进行多字节到宽字节的转换
	wchar_t* pWStr;
	int unicodeLen = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, szFileName, -1, NULL, 0);  
	pWStr = new  wchar_t[unicodeLen+1];  
	memset(pWStr,0,(unicodeLen+1)*sizeof(wchar_t));  
	::MultiByteToWideChar( CP_ACP, 0, szFileName, -1, (LPWSTR)pWStr, unicodeLen);  
	pFileFullName = pWStr;
#else
	pFileFullName = szFileName;
#endif

/*。。。。。后面代码与转换无关，省略。。。。。。。*/

<pre name="code" class="cpp">#ifdef UNICODE
<span>	</span>SAFE_DEL_PTR(pFileFullName)
#endif

}

在使用COPY_DATA消息的时候，发送方编译环境是宽字节，接收方这边是多字节，接受到的消息转换为字符串就只有第一个字符。

考虑到发送消息方和接收消息方可能编译环境会改变，所以在接收方这边修改代码如下：

BOOL CMainTestDlg::OnCopyData(CWnd* pWnd, COPYDATASTRUCT* pCopyDataStruct)
{
	if (pCopyDataStruct->dwData ==  0xff01)
	{
		TCHAR recvData[MAX_PATH] = {0} ;
		CString sCopyData;

		if(IsTextUnicode(pCopyDataStruct->lpData, pCopyDataStruct->cbData, NULL)) //消息为UNICODE编码
		{
		#ifndef UNICODE
			char* pElementText;
			int iTextLen = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, (LPCWSTR)pCopyDataStruct->lpData, -1, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
			pElementText = new char[iTextLen+1];
			memset((void*)pElementText, 0, sizeof(char)*(iTextLen+1));
			WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, (LPCWSTR)pCopyDataStruct->lpData, -1, pElementText, iTextLen, NULL, NULL);
			sCopyData.Format("%s",pElementText);
			delete []pElementText;
		#else		
			sCopyData.Format(_T("%s"),pCopyDataStruct->lpData);
		#endif	
		}
		else //消息为ANSI编码
		{
		#ifdef UNICODE
			int  unicodeLen = ::MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, (LPCSTR)pCopyDataStruct->lpData, -1, NULL, 0);  
			wchar_t *  pUnicode;  
			pUnicode = new  wchar_t[unicodeLen+1];  
			memset(pUnicode,0,(unicodeLen+1)*sizeof(wchar_t));  
			::MultiByteToWideChar( CP_ACP, 0, (LPCSTR)pCopyDataStruct->lpData, -1, (LPWSTR)pUnicode, unicodeLen);  
			sCopyData.Format(_T("%s"), pUnicode);
			delete  []pUnicode; 
		#else	
			sCopyData.Format("%s",pCopyDataStruct->lpData);
		#endif
		}
		MessageBox(sCopyData);
	}
	
	return CDialog::OnCopyData(pWnd, pCopyDataStruct);
}

考虑到转换占代码行数太多，于是打算将转换写成几个函数，刚好在查阅多字节和宽字节转换的时候百度到一个哥们封装的函数

以下代码转自  http://www.cnblogs.com/gakusei/articles/1585211.html

1.  ANSI to Unicode
wstring ANSIToUnicode( const string& str )
{
 int  len = 0;
 len = str.length();
 int  unicodeLen = ::MultiByteToWideChar( CP_ACP,
            0,
            str.c_str(),
            -1,
            NULL,
            0 );  
 wchar_t *  pUnicode;  
 pUnicode = new  wchar_t[unicodeLen+1];  
 memset(pUnicode,0,(unicodeLen+1)*sizeof(wchar_t));  
 ::MultiByteToWideChar( CP_ACP,
         0,
         str.c_str(),
         -1,
         (LPWSTR)pUnicode,
         unicodeLen );  
 wstring  rt;  
 rt = ( wchar_t* )pUnicode;
 delete  pUnicode; 
 
 return  rt;  
}
2.  Unicode to ANSI
string UnicodeToANSI( const wstring& str )
{
 char*     pElementText;
 int    iTextLen;
 // wide char to multi char
 iTextLen = WideCharToMultiByte( CP_ACP,
         0,
         str.c_str(),
         -1,
         NULL,
         0,
NULL,
         NULL );
 pElementText = new char[iTextLen + 1];
 memset( ( void* )pElementText, 0, sizeof( char ) * ( iTextLen + 1 ) );
 ::WideCharToMultiByte( CP_ACP,
         0,
         str.c_str(),
         -1,
         pElementText,
         iTextLen,
         NULL,
         NULL );
 string strText;
 strText = pElementText;
 delete[] pElementText;
 return strText;
}
3.  UTF-8 to Unicode
wstring UTF8ToUnicode( const string& str )
{
 int  len = 0;
 len = str.length();
 int  unicodeLen = ::MultiByteToWideChar( CP_UTF8,
            0,
            str.c_str(),
            -1,
            NULL,
            0 );  
 wchar_t *  pUnicode;  
 pUnicode = new  wchar_t[unicodeLen+1];  
 memset(pUnicode,0,(unicodeLen+1)*sizeof(wchar_t));  
 ::MultiByteToWideChar( CP_UTF8,
         0,
         str.c_str(),
         -1,
         (LPWSTR)pUnicode,
         unicodeLen );  
 wstring  rt;  
 rt = ( wchar_t* )pUnicode;
 delete  pUnicode; 
 
 return  rt;  
}
4.  Unicode to UTF-8    
string UnicodeToUTF8( const wstring& str )
{
 char*     pElementText;
 int    iTextLen;
 // wide char to multi char
 iTextLen = WideCharToMultiByte( CP_UTF8,
         0,
         str.c_str(),
         -1,
         NULL,
         0,
         NULL,
         NULL );
 pElementText = new char[iTextLen + 1];
 memset( ( void* )pElementText, 0, sizeof( char ) * ( iTextLen + 1 ) );
 ::WideCharToMultiByte( CP_UTF8,
         0,
         str.c_str(),
         -1,
         pElementText,
         iTextLen,
         NULL,
         NULL );
 string strText;
 strText = pElementText;
 delete[] pElementText;
 return strText;
}