ORACLE透明网关ODBC连接MYSQL

客户需求oracle访问mysql数据，客户是linux7.3  11.2.0.4单实例，字符集GBK，mysql是5.7.31，字符集UTF8，下面结合网上的文档和自己的实践，配置过程如下

1.安装oracle透明网关

首先在oracle服务器上面安装oracle透明网关，在oracle的安装包的第5个包：

p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_5of7.zip

安装很简单，下一步就行了，在安装选项那里勾选for odbc即可。

2.在oracle服务器上安装odbc和mysql驱动

这里挂载镜像iso，然后使用yum进行安装，也比较简单

yum install unixODBC*  mysql* mariadb*

主要是安装下面这些包：

安装mariadb是为了可以使用mysql命令行来连接测试。

3.配置mysql DSN连接

配置一下驱动文件的软连接：

cd /usr/lib64/

ln -s libodbcinst.so.2.0.0 libodbcinst.so.1

ln -s libodbc.so.2.0.0 libodbc.so.1

查看odbc配置文件

[oracle@db66 oradata]$ odbcinst  -j

unixODBC 2.3.1

DRIVERS............: /etc/odbcinst.ini

SYSTEM DATA SOURCES: /etc/odbc.ini

FILE DATA SOURCES..: /etc/ODBCDataSources

USER DATA SOURCES..: /home/oracle/.odbc.ini

SQLULEN Size.......: 8

SQLLEN Size........: 8

SQLSETPOSIROW Size.: 8

查看一下mysql的驱动是否都安装了：

[oracle@db66 oradata]$ cat /etc/odbcinst.ini 

# Example driver definitions

​

# Driver from the postgresql-odbc package

# Setup from the unixODBC package

[PostgreSQL]

Description = ODBC for PostgreSQL

Driver      = /usr/lib/psqlodbcw.so

Setup       = /usr/lib/libodbcpsqlS.so

Driver64    = /usr/lib64/psqlodbcw.so

Setup64     = /usr/lib64/libodbcpsqlS.so

FileUsage   = 1

​

​

# Driver from the mysql-connector-odbc package

# Setup from the unixODBC package

#####这里下面的64位驱动是否都有，正常安装了mysql-connect-odbc之后就都有了

[MySQL]

Description = ODBC for MySQL

Driver      = /usr/lib/libmyodbc5.so

Setup       = /usr/lib/libodbcmyS.so

Driver64    = /usr/lib64/libmyodbc5.so

Setup64     = /usr/lib64/libodbcmyS.so

FileUsage   = 1

​

修改odbc.ini配置文件，这一步是关键点1，配置连接mysql的odbc DSN：

[oracle@db66 oradata]$ cat /etc/odbc.ini 
[vte]
Driver=MySQL     #这里是上面odbcinst.ini里面的驱动名称，下面其它的都是很简单mysql的连接信息
SERVER=192.168.50.104
PORT=3306
USER=vte1
PASSWORD=611048sl
DATABASE=vtedb
OPATION=0
TRACE=OFF

​

配置完成之后使用isql测试连接是否正常：

[oracle@db66 oradata]$ isql vte

+---------------------------------------+

| Connected!                            |

|                                       |

| sql-statement                         |

| help [tablename]                      |

| quit                                  |

|                                       |

+---------------------------------------+

SQL> select version();

+-----------+

| version() |

+-----------+

| 5.7.31-log|

+-----------+

SQLRowCount returns 1

1 rows fetched

​

这里表示连接正常。

4.配置oracle透明网关配置文件

cd $ORACLE_HOME/hs/admin

vi initodbcvte.ora

这里注意这个文件的名称叫initodbcvte.ora，这里的odbcvte是第二个关键点，需要和后面监听里面的保持一致

​

[oracle@db66 admin]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/hs/admin
[oracle@db66 admin]$ cat initodbcvte.ora 
# This is a sample agent init file that contains the HS parameters that are
# needed for the Database Gateway for ODBC
​
#
# HS init parameters
#
HS_FDS_CONNECT_INFO = vte       ##这里是odbc.ini里面的DSN名称
HS_FDS_TRACE_LEVEL = ON
HS_FDS_SHAREABLE_NAME = /usr/lib64/libodbc.so
​
HS_LANGUAGE=AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8    ##这两段如果不配会出现乱码
HS_NLS_NCHAR=UCS2
​
#
# ODBC specific environment variables
#
set ODBCINI= /etc/odbc.ini
​
​
#
# Environment variables required for the non-Oracle system
#
#set <envvar>=<value>

5.配置监听和tnsnames

配置listener.ora文件，这里为了不和现在的监听冲突，我选择新建一个端口号为1522的listener2，这里的SID需要和配置文件的文件名保持一致

[oracle@db66 admin]$ cat listener.ora 
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
​
LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = db66)(PORT = 1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
    )
  )
​
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle
​
LISTENER2 =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.50.66)(PORT = 1522))
  )
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER2=
    (SID_LIST=
      (SID_DESC=
            (SID_NAME=odbcvte)
            (ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
            (PROGRAM=dg4odbc)
      )
  )
​

配置tnsnames.ora连接此listener的服务命名：

odbcvte=
(DESCRIPTION =
  (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.50.66)(PORT = 1522))
  (CONNECT_DATA =
    (SID = odbcvte)
  )
    (HS = OK)
)

配置完成之后启动listener2，并测试

lsnrctl start listener2

再用tnsping odbcvte测试：

[oracle@db66 admin]$ tnsping odbcvte

​

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 25-JUN-2023 16:16:14

​

Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

​

Used parameter files:

​

​

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias

Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.50.66)(PORT = 1522)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SID = odbcvte)) (HS = OK))

OK (0 msec)

​

6. 在数据库创建dblink

SQL> create public database link to_vte connect to "root" identified by "123456" using 'odbcvte';

这里注意，mysql是区分大小写的，所以这里的用户名和密码需要加双引号

7.验证dblink

 

8.遇到的问题

在oracle中连接到mysql之后数据都是乱码。需要在initodbcvte.ora中配置语言：

HS_LANGUAGE=AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8    

HS_NLS_NCHAR=UCS2

实测，只要配置第二个就不会出现中文乱码