synchronized、ReentrantLock和ReentrantReadWriteLock

简单看下不同情况下,它们的效率

1、读多读少的情况(读:1000,写:30)

synchronized

package com.su.mybatis.oracle.controller;

public class Test {
    
    private static int num = 100;
    //锁
    private static Object obj = new Object();
    //读线程数
    private static int readThreadNum = 1000;
    //写线程数
    private static int writeThreadNum = 30;
    //开始时间
    private static long startTime;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for(int i = 0; i< readThreadNum; i++) {
            //读线程
            new Thread(new Runnable(){
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        read();
                        Thread.sleep(10);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }).start();
        }
        for(int i = 0 ; i < writeThreadNum; i++) {
            //写线程
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        write();
                        Thread.sleep(15);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }).start();
        }
    }

    //读业务
    public static void read() throws InterruptedException {
        synchronized(obj) {
            Thread.sleep(5);
            System.out.println("线程(" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + ")执行读业务,num:" + num
                    + ",耗时:" + ( System.currentTimeMillis()- startTime)+ "ms");
        }
    }

    //写业务
    public synchronized static void write() throws InterruptedException {
        synchronized(obj) {
            Thread.sleep(10);
            num++;
            System.out.println("线程(" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + ")执行写业务,num:" + num
                    + ",耗时:" + ( System.currentTimeMillis()- startTime)+ "ms");
        }
    }
}

输出结果:

线程(Thread-0)执行读业务,num:100,耗时:7ms
线程(Thread-55)执行读业务,num:100,耗时:13ms
.
.
.
线程(Thread-1002)执行写业务,num:129,耗时:6103ms
线程(Thread-1001)执行写业务,num:130,耗时:6114ms

ReentrantLock

package com.su.mybatis.oracle.controller;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class Test {
    
    private static int num = 100;
    //重入锁
    private final static Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    //读线程数
    private static int readThreadNum = 1000;
    //写线程数
    private static int writeThreadNum = 30;
    //开始时间
    private static long startTime;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for(int i = 0; i< readThreadNum; i++) {
            //读线程
            new Thread(new Runnable(){
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        read();
                        Thread.sleep(10);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }).start();
        }
        for(int i = 0 ; i < writeThreadNum; i++) {
            //写线程
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        write();
                        Thread.sleep(15);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }).start();
        }
    }

    //读业务
    public static void read() throws InterruptedException {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            Thread.sleep(5);
            System.out.println("线程(" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + ")执行读业务,num:" + num
                    + ",耗时:" + ( System.currentTimeMillis()- startTime)+ "ms");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

    //写业务
    public synchronized static void write() throws InterruptedException {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            Thread.sleep(10);
            num++;
            System.out.println("线程(" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + ")执行写业务,num:" + num
                    + ",耗时:" + ( System.currentTimeMillis()- startTime)+ "ms");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
}

输出结果:

线程(Thread-0)执行读业务,num:100,耗时:7ms
线程(Thread-1)执行读业务,num:100,耗时:14ms
.
.
.
线程(Thread-1002)执行写业务,num:129,耗时:6154ms
线程(Thread-1001)执行写业务,num:130,耗时:6165ms

ReentrantReadWriteLock

package com.su.mybatis.oracle.controller;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;

public class Test {
    
    private static int num = 100;
    //读写锁
    private static ReadWriteLock lock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
    //读锁
    private static Lock r = lock.readLock();
    //写锁
    private static Lock w = lock.writeLock();
    
    //读线程数
    private static int readThreadNum = 1000;
    //写线程数
    private static int writeThreadNum = 30;
    //开始时间
    private static long startTime;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for(int i = 0; i< readThreadNum; i++) {
            //读线程
            new Thread(new Runnable(){
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        read();
                        Thread.sleep(10);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }).start();
        }
        for(int i = 0 ; i < writeThreadNum; i++) {
            //写线程
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        write();
                        Thread.sleep(15);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
            }).start();
        }
    }

    //读业务
    public static void read() throws InterruptedException {
        try {
            r.lock();
            Thread.sleep(5);
            System.out.println("线程(" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + ")执行读业务,num:" + num
                    + ",耗时:" + ( System.currentTimeMillis()- startTime)+ "ms");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            r.unlock();
        }
    }

    //写业务
    public synchronized static void write() throws InterruptedException {
        try {
            w.lock();
            Thread.sleep(10);
            num++;
            System.out.println("线程(" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + ")执行写业务,num:" + num
                    + ",耗时:" + ( System.currentTimeMillis()- startTime)+ "ms");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            w.unlock();
        }
    }
}

输出结果:

线程(Thread-1)执行读业务,num:100,耗时:8ms
线程(Thread-3)执行读业务,num:100,耗时:8ms
.
.
.
线程(Thread-1002)执行写业务,num:129,耗时:497ms
线程(Thread-1001)执行写业务,num:130,耗时:508ms

2、写多读少的情况(读:30,写:1000)

将上面代码中读线程数和写线程数交换

synchronized

输出结果:

线程(Thread-0)执行读业务,num:100,耗时:7ms
线程(Thread-30)执行写业务,num:101,耗时:18ms
.
.
.
线程(Thread-151)执行写业务,num:1099,耗时:10861ms
线程(Thread-150)执行写业务,num:1100,耗时:10872ms

ReentrantLock

输出结果:

线程(Thread-0)执行读业务,num:100,耗时:7ms
线程(Thread-1)执行读业务,num:100,耗时:13ms
.
.
.
线程(Thread-32)执行写业务,num:1099,耗时:10909ms
线程(Thread-31)执行写业务,num:1100,耗时:10920ms

 ReentrantReadWriteLock

输出结果:

线程(Thread-4)执行读业务,num:100,耗时:7ms
线程(Thread-3)执行读业务,num:100,耗时:7ms
.
.
.
线程(Thread-140)执行写业务,num:1099,耗时:10691ms
线程(Thread-141)执行写业务,num:1100,耗时:10702ms

对比:

1)、synchronized关键字是jdk提供的语言层次的内置锁,是不公平锁,ReentrantLock是显示锁,可以指定是否为公平锁,使用时是需要进行实例化,会占据一定的资源(如:内存等),在性能上,synchronized略优于ReentrantLock;

2)、使用上,ReentrantLock更加灵活,synchronized会自动释放锁,而使用ReentrantLock则要记得释放锁;

3)、ReentrantLock提供了特殊需求,如超时获取、,尝试非阻塞获取锁等;

结论:没有特殊需求,尽可能使用synchronized,有特殊需求,考虑ReentrantLock;同时存在读操作和写操作时,使用ReentrantReadWriteLock,读操作越多,性能优势越明显。

 

 

如果有写的不对的地方,请大家多多批评指正,非常感谢!

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