在thinkpad上安装(kde)debian wheezy/sid (Note of install (kde)debian wheezy/sid on Thinkpad)

最新推荐文章于 2023-07-22 23:05:56 发布

sudolee

最新推荐文章于 2023-07-22 23:05:56 发布

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亲测机型: Thinkpad T420(爱机)

1, 下载镜像文件: debian-testing-amd64-DVD-1.iso

axel -a http://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/weekly-builds/amd64/iso-dvd/

2, 制作U盘安装盘:

cat debian-testing-amd64-DVD-1.iso > /dev/sdx

3, 默认安装的是gnome桌面, 如果想安装别的桌面环境可以在安装过程中不选择安装桌面环境.
只安装base系统, 完成后,重启，再安装需要的桌面环境(以kde为例).

4, 安装kde:
- 将debian-testing-amd64-DVD-1.iso拷贝到U盘, 或者移动硬盘...
- 手动挂载该U盘(当然要用root)

mount /dev/sdx /media/xxx

- 找到系统镜像在U盘上的位置, e.g.

/media/xxx/system-img/debian-testing-amd64-DVD-1.iso

- 创建一个cdrom软链接到"/dev/"

ln -s /media/xxx/system-img/debian-testing-amd64-DVD-1.iso /dev/sr0

(如果之前有sr0先将其mv为sr1, 不用担心, 重启后就恢复了)
- 把镜像文件作为源(安装DVD里的kde而不是通过网络, 这样要快很多)

apt-cdrom add

- 安装kde桌面环境

apt-get update
apt-get install task-kde-desktop

- 安装中文环境(显示语言还是e文，如果要中文显示在settings里面), 安装后就能正常显示中文(否则好多乱码);
也会安装fcitx输入法(个人感觉在debian下比ibus好用)

task-chinese-s-desktop - Simplified Chinese desktop
kde-l10n-zhcn - Chinese Simplified (zh_CN) localization files for KDE
task-chinese-s - Simplified Chinese environment
task-chinese-s-kde-desktop - Simplified Chinese KDE desktop

- 重启后进入kde桌面环境

5, 更改更新源/etc/apt/sources.list

## 163
#deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian wheezy main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian wheezy main non-free contrib
#deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian wheezy-proposed-updates main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/debian wheezy-proposed-updates main contrib non-free

## china
deb http://ftp.cn.debian.org/debian/ wheezy main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.cn.debian.org/debian/ wheezy main contrib non-free
deb http://ftp.cn.debian.org/debian/ wheezy-proposed-updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.cn.debian.org/debian/ wheezy-proposed-updates main contrib non-free
deb http://ftp.cn.debian.org/debian/ wheezy-backports main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.cn.debian.org/debian/ wheezy-backports main contrib non-free

# debian security updates
deb http://security.debian.org/ wheezy/updates main contrib
deb-src http://security.debian.org/ wheezy/updates main contrib

# multimedia
deb http://deb-multimedia.org wheezy main non-free

# virtualbox
deb http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian wheezy contrib

6, multimedia source warning ?

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 1F41B907

7, 修改用户
在文件/etc/sudoers中添加一行, 如下:

username ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

8, 安装邮件客户端icedove(其实就是thunderbird, 因为商标问题, 在debian下porting为这个)

apt-get install icedove icedove-l10n-zh-cn

p.s. 以前备份的thunderbird或者icedove邮件直接拷贝到~/.icedove/xxxx.default/Mail就可以了
我在备份的时候发现要先创建账户, 然后把自动生成的~/.icedove/xxxx.default/Mail用之前备份的替换掉才可以.

9, virtualBox
- 上面包含了virtualbox的源, apt-get update后直接apt-get install virtualbox-4.2

- 修改"Default Machine Folder", 直接在 "~/.VirtualBox/VirtualBox.xml" 中修改默认路径(VirtualBox VMs)
- 装完virtualbox无法挂载u盘（等外设），在/etc/group里修改用户组，如下：

vboxusers:x:121:username

10, cannot found wifi firmware ?

apt-get install firmware-iwlwifi

11, wifi驱动

https://sudolee.googlecode.com/files/rtl_92ce_92se_92de_8723ae_88ee_linux_mac80211_0012.0207.2013.tar.bz2

Use this source code, just do follow:make
sudo make uninstall
sudo make install
p.s. You can also get it from http://www.realtek.com.tw/

[Note]:- Cannot build ?- Pls try to do this:    1, apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-$(uname -r)
    # 第2步可能不需要了，但是很久以前装wheezy wifi驱动的时候需要这一步
    # 如果第一步结束后可以make，就不要ln了
    2, ln -s /usr/src/linux-headers-$(uname -r)/ /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/build

12, thinkpad 中键滑屏设置

add code below into /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-thinkpad.conf (creat this file)

Section "InputClass"
    	Identifier "Trackpoint Wheel Emulation"
    	MatchProduct       "TPPS/2 IBM TrackPoint|DualPoint Stick|Synaptics Inc. Composite TouchPad / TrackPoint|ThinkPad USB Keyboard with TrackPoint|USB Trackpoint pointing device" 
    	MatchDevicePath    "/dev/input/event*"
    	Option             "EmulateWheel"          "true"
    	Option             "EmulateWheelButton"    "2"
    	Option             "Emulate3Buttons"       "false"
    	Option             "XAxisMapping"          "6 7"
    	Option             "YAxisMapping"          "4 5"
EndSection

More info:
http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/How_to_configure_the_TrackPoint#GPointing_Device_Settings

http://wiki.debian.org/InstallingDebianOn/Thinkpad/Trackpoint

13, cannot mount removeable storage after install debian via usb ? (无法挂载u盘、移动硬盘？)

用u盘安装系统的时候, 系统在/etc/fstab里设置了sdb*的权限, 如下:
将这几行删掉就好了.

	/dev/sr0        /media/cdrom0   udf,iso9660 user,noauto     0       0
	/dev/sdb1       /media/usb0     auto    rw,user,noauto  0       0
	/dev/sdb2       /media/usb1     auto    rw,user,noauto  0       0

Details-> http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=612119

p.s
因为安装系统之前u盘就已经attach到pc上了，所以，出于安全的考虑需要设置它们的权限（如同要设置硬盘的权限一样）。

但对用户来说却成了一个bug。

14, upgrade from wheezy to sid:
[Note]:我是直接从testing更新到unstable的, 如果你安装的stable就要先更新到testing.

a) 把wheezy的/etc/apt/sources.list更新到sid
    ## china
    deb http://ftp.cn.debian.org/debian/ sid main contrib non-free
    deb-src http://ftp.cn.debian.org/debian/ sid main contrib non-free

    # multimedia
    deb http://deb-multimedia.org sid main non-free

    # Bumblebee
    deb http://suwako.nomanga.net/debian sid main contrib
    deb-src http://suwako.nomanga.net/debian sid main
b) apt-get update
c) apt-get dist-upgrade
d) reboot

15, install adobe flash player

howto install: apt-get install flashplugin-nonfree
howto udate: update-flashplugin-nonfree --install

Details-> http://wiki.debian.org/FlashPlayer

16, Nivdia Optimus for linux(省电技术)

a) Add archive key to apt keyring. Run as root:
	wget -O - http://suwako.nomanga.net/suwako.asc | apt-key add -
b) Update your sources.list configuration. Either add the following to /etc/apt/sources.list or to new file at /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ directory:
	deb http://suwako.nomanga.net/debian sid main contrib
	deb-src http://suwako.nomanga.net/debian sid main
c) apt-get update
d) apt-get install bumblebee bumblebee-nvidia
e) Add yourself to bumblebee group. Run as root, replace $USER with your username:
	adduser $USER bumblebee
f) reboot

Details:
https://github.com/Bumblebee-Project/Bumblebee/wiki/Install-and-usage
https://wiki.debian.org/Bumblebee
http://suwako.nomanga.net/

17, disable Nepomuk/Strigi Server(这货相当占cpu和内存, 禁掉后无异常)

system settings -> desktop search -> Just disable it, :)

Details-> http://www.ikde.org/tech/kde-tech-nepomuk/

18, install new kernel from aptosid.

a) update /etc/apt/sources.list
    deb http://debian.tu-bs.de/project/aptosid/debian/ sid main fix.main
b) apt-get update
c) aptosid source warning ?
    apt-get install aptosid-archive-keyring
d) apt-get install linux-image-3.8-8.slh.1-aptosid-amd64
e) reboot

19, 双系统(debian sid + windows)时间不对 ?
文件/etc/adjtime:
UTC -> LOCAL

20, touchpad tap not work(触摸板单击不工作)

apt-get install synaptics

在/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/synaptics.conf添加如下代码：

Section "InputClass"
        Identifier      "Touchpad"                      # required
        MatchIsTouchpad "yes"                           # required
        Driver          "synaptics"                     # required
        Option          "MinSpeed"              "0.5"
        Option          "MaxSpeed"              "1.0"
        Option          "AccelFactor"           "0.075"
        Option          "TapButton1"            "1"
        Option          "TapButton2"            "2"     # multitouch
        Option          "TapButton3"            "3"     # multitouch
        Option          "VertTwoFingerScroll"   "1"     # multitouch
        Option          "HorizTwoFingerScroll"  "1"     # multitouch
        Option          "VertEdgeScroll"        "1"
        Option          "CoastingSpeed"         "8"
        Option          "CornerCoasting"        "1"
        Option          "CircularScrolling"     "1"
        Option          "CircScrollTrigger"     "7"
        Option          "EdgeMotionUseAlways"   "1"
        Option          "LBCornerButton"        "8"     # browser "back" btn
        Option          "RBCornerButton"        "9"     # browser "forward" btn
EndSection

More details -> http://wiki.debian.org/SynapticsTouchpad

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