多线程编程实例

1.使用临界区(Critical Section Objects)

任一时刻只有一个线程可以拥有临界区对象，拥有临界区的线程可以访问被保护起来的资源或代码段，其他希望进入临界区的线程将被挂起等待，直到拥有临界区的线程放弃临界区时为止，这样就保证了不会在同一时刻出现多个线程访问共享资源。

const int ARRAY_SIZE = 5;
int g_IntArray[ARRAY_SIZE];
CRITICAL_SECTION g_criticalSection;

void SimpleThread(void *pParam)
{
	int num(10);
	while(num > 0)
	{
		::EnterCriticalSection(&g_criticalSection);
		for (int i = 0;i < ARRAY_SIZE; ++i)
		{
			g_IntArray[i] = num;
			cout<<g_IntArray[i]<<" ";
		}
		cout<<endl;
		num--;
		::LeaveCriticalSection(&g_criticalSection);
	}
}

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
	::InitializeCriticalSection(&g_criticalSection);
	_beginthread(SimpleThread,0,NULL);
	int n = 10;
	while(n > 0)
	{
		::EnterCriticalSection(&g_criticalSection);
		for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE; ++i)
		{
			cout<<g_IntArray[i]<<" ";
		}
		cout<<endl;
		n--;
		::LeaveCriticalSection(&g_criticalSection);
		
		
	}
}

2.互斥对象(Mutex Objects)

互斥对象与临界区对象很像.互斥对象与临界区对象的不同在于:互斥对象可以在进程间使用,而临界区对象只能在同一进程的各线程间使用。当然，互斥对象也可以用于同一进程的各个线程间，但是在这种情况下，使用临界区会更节省系统资源，更有效率。

HANDLE g_hMutex; 
void SimpleThread2(void *pParam)
{
	int num(0);  

	while (num<100)  
	{  
		::WaitForSingleObject(g_hMutex, INFINITE);  
		for ( int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE; ++i )  
		{  
			g_IntArray[i] = num;  
			cout<<"sub thread"<<endl;
			cout<<g_IntArray[i]<<" ";
		}  
		::ReleaseMutex(g_hMutex);  
		num++;  
		cout<<endl;
	}  
}

int main()
{
g_hMutex = ::CreateMutex(NULL, FALSE, NULL);  

	::_beginthread(SimpleThread2, 0, NULL);  
	while (true)  
	{  
		::WaitForSingleObject(g_hMutex, INFINITE);  
		for ( int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE; ++i )  
		{  
			cout<<"main thread"<<endl;
			cout<<g_IntArray[i]<<" ";  
		}  
		::ReleaseMutex(g_hMutex);  
		cout<<endl;  
	}  
}

3.事件(Event)

事件是一个允许一个线程在某种情况发生时，唤醒另外一个线程的同步对象。

HANDLE g_hEvent1, g_hEvent2;
unsigned __stdcall SimpleThread3(void* pParam)  
{  
	//int count = (int)pParam;  
	int count = 10;
	int num(0);  

	while (count--)  
	{  
		::WaitForSingleObject(g_hEvent1, INFINITE);  
		for ( int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE; ++i )  
		{  
			g_IntArray[i] = num;  
			cout<<"sub thread"<<endl;
			cout<<g_IntArray[i]<<" ";
		}  
		::SetEvent(g_hEvent2);  
		num++;  
		cout<<endl;
	}  

	return 0;  
}  

int main()
{
    g_hEvent1 = ::CreateEvent(NULL, FALSE, TRUE, NULL);  
	g_hEvent2 = ::CreateEvent(NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL);  

	int count(10);  
	HANDLE hThread = (HANDLE)::_beginthreadex(NULL, 0, SimpleThread3, &count, 0, NULL);  
	if ( NULL == hThread )  
	{  
		cout<<"_beginthreadex failed. errno: "<<errno<<endl;  
		return 1;  
	}  

	while (count--)  
	{  
		::WaitForSingleObject(g_hEvent2, INFINITE);  
		for ( int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE; ++i )  
		{  
			cout<<"main thread"<<endl;
			cout<<g_IntArray[i]<<" ";  
		}  
		::SetEvent(g_hEvent1);  
		cout<<endl;  
	}  

	// NOTE: The system closes the handle automatically when the process terminates.  
	::CloseHandle(hThread);  
	::CloseHandle(g_hEvent2);  
	::CloseHandle(g_hEvent1);  
}