转载地址：http://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-doc/alsa-lib/_2test_2pcm_8c-example.html
/*
00002 * This small demo sends a simple sinusoidal wave to your speakers.
00003 */
00004
00005 #include <stdio.h>
00006 #include <stdlib.h>
00007 #include <string.h>
00008 #include <sched.h>
00009 #include <errno.h>
00010 #include <getopt.h>
00011 #include "../include/asoundlib.h"
00012 #include <sys/time.h>
00013 #include <math.h>
00014
00015 static char *device = "plughw:0,0"; /* playback device */
00016 static snd_pcm_format_t format = SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16; /* sample format */
00017 static unsigned int rate = 44100; /* stream rate */
00018 static unsigned int channels = 1; /* count of channels */
00019 static unsigned int buffer_time = 500000; /* ring buffer length in us */
00020 static unsigned int period_time = 100000; /* period time in us */
00021 static double freq = 440; /* sinusoidal wave frequency in Hz */
00022 static int verbose = 0; /* verbose flag */
00023 static int resample = 1; /* enable alsa-lib resampling */
00024 static int period_event = 0; /* produce poll event after each period */
00025
00026 static snd_pcm_sframes_t buffer_size;
00027 static snd_pcm_sframes_t period_size;
00028 static snd_output_t *output = NULL;
00029
00030 static void generate_sine(const snd_pcm_channel_area_t *areas,
00031 snd_pcm_uframes_t offset,
00032 int count, double *_phase)
00033 {
00034 static double max_phase = 2. * M_PI;
00035 double phase = *_phase;
00036 double step = max_phase*freq/(double)rate;
00037 unsigned char *samples[channels];
00038 int steps[channels];
00039 unsigned int chn;
00040 int format_bits = snd_pcm_format_width(format);
00041 unsigned int maxval = (1 << (format_bits - 1)) - 1;
00042 int bps = format_bits / 8; /* bytes per sample */
00043 int phys_bps = snd_pcm_format_physical_width(format) / 8;
00044 int big_endian = snd_pcm_format_big_endian(format) == 1;
00045 int to_unsigned = snd_pcm_format_unsigned(format) == 1;
00046 int is_float = (format == SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT_LE ||
00047 format == SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT_BE);
00048
00049 /* verify and prepare the contents of areas */
00050 for (chn = 0; chn < channels; chn++) {
00051 if ((areas[chn].first % 8) != 0) {
00052 printf("areas[%i].first == %i, aborting...\n", chn, areas[chn].first);
00053 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
00054 }
00055 samples[chn] = /*(signed short *)*/(((unsigned char *)areas[chn].addr) + (areas[chn].first / 8));
00056 if ((areas[chn].step % 16) != 0) {
00057 printf("areas[%i].step == %i, aborting...\n", chn, areas[chn].step);
00058 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
00059 }
00060 steps[chn] = areas[chn].step / 8;
00061 samples[chn] += offset * steps[chn];
00062 }
00063 /* fill the channel areas */
00064 while (count-- > 0) {
00065 union {
00066 float f;
00067 int i;
00068 } fval;
00069 int res, i;
00070 if (is_float) {
00071 fval.f = sin(phase) * maxval;
00072 res = fval.i;
00073 } else
00074 res = sin(phase) * maxval;
00075 if (to_unsigned)
00076 res ^= 1U << (format_bits - 1);
00077 for (chn = 0; chn < channels; chn++) {
00078 /* Generate data in native endian format */
00079 if (big_endian) {
00080 for (i = 0; i < bps; i++)
00081 *(samples[chn] + phys_bps - 1 - i) = (res >> i * 8) & 0xff;
00082 } else {
00083 for (i = 0; i < bps; i++)
00084 *(samples[chn] + i) = (res >> i * 8) & 0xff;
00085 }
00086 samples[chn] += steps[chn];
00087 }
00088 phase += step;
00089 if (phase >= max_phase)
00090 phase -= max_phase;
00091 }
00092 *_phase = phase;
00093 }
00094
00095 static int set_hwparams(snd_pcm_t *handle,
00096 snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params,
00097 snd_pcm_access_t access)
00098 {
00099 unsigned int rrate;
00100 snd_pcm_uframes_t size;
00101 int err, dir;
00102
00103 /* choose all parameters */
00104 err = snd_pcm_hw_params_any(handle, params);
00105 if (err < 0) {
00106 printf("Broken configuration for playback: no configurations available: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00107 return err;
00108 }
00109 /* set hardware resampling */
00110 err = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_resample(handle, params, resample);
00111 if (err < 0) {
00112 printf("Resampling setup failed for playback: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00113 return err;
00114 }
00115 /* set the interleaved read/write format */
00116 err = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access(handle, params, access);
00117 if (err < 0) {
00118 printf("Access type not available for playback: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00119 return err;
00120 }
00121 /* set the sample format */
00122 err = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format(handle, params, format);
00123 if (err < 0) {
00124 printf("Sample format not available for playback: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00125 return err;
00126 }
00127 /* set the count of channels */
00128 err = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels(handle, params, channels);
00129 if (err < 0) {
00130 printf("Channels count (%i) not available for playbacks: %s\n", channels, snd_strerror(err));
00131 return err;
00132 }
00133 /* set the stream rate */
00134 rrate = rate;
00135 err = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near(handle, params, &rrate, 0);
00136 if (err < 0) {
00137 printf("Rate %iHz not available for playback: %s\n", rate, snd_strerror(err));
00138 return err;
00139 }
00140 if (rrate != rate) {
00141 printf("Rate doesn't match (requested %iHz, get %iHz)\n", rate, err);
00142 return -EINVAL;
00143 }
00144 /* set the buffer time */
00145 err = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_time_near(handle, params, &buffer_time, &dir);
00146 if (err < 0) {
00147 printf("Unable to set buffer time %i for playback: %s\n", buffer_time, snd_strerror(err));
00148 return err;
00149 }
00150 err = snd_pcm_hw_params_get_buffer_size(params, &size);
00151 if (err < 0) {
00152 printf("Unable to get buffer size for playback: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00153 return err;
00154 }
00155 buffer_size = size;
00156 /* set the period time */
00157 err = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_period_time_near(handle, params, &period_time, &dir);
00158 if (err < 0) {
00159 printf("Unable to set period time %i for playback: %s\n", period_time, snd_strerror(err));
00160 return err;
00161 }
00162 err = snd_pcm_hw_params_get_period_size(params, &size, &dir);
00163 if (err < 0) {
00164 printf("Unable to get period size for playback: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00165 return err;
00166 }
00167 period_size = size;
00168 /* write the parameters to device */
00169 err = snd_pcm_hw_params(handle, params);
00170 if (err < 0) {
00171 printf("Unable to set hw params for playback: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00172 return err;
00173 }
00174 return 0;
00175 }
00176
00177 static int set_swparams(snd_pcm_t *handle, snd_pcm_sw_params_t *swparams)
00178 {
00179 int err;
00180
00181 /* get the current swparams */
00182 err = snd_pcm_sw_params_current(handle, swparams);
00183 if (err < 0) {
00184 printf("Unable to determine current swparams for playback: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00185 return err;
00186 }
00187 /* start the transfer when the buffer is almost full: */
00188 /* (buffer_size / avail_min) * avail_min */
00189 err = snd_pcm_sw_params_set_start_threshold(handle, swparams, (buffer_size / period_size) * period_size);
00190 if (err < 0) {
00191 printf("Unable to set start threshold mode for playback: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00192 return err;
00193 }
00194 /* allow the transfer when at least period_size samples can be processed */
00195 /* or disable this mechanism when period event is enabled (aka interrupt like style processing) */
00196 err = snd_pcm_sw_params_set_avail_min(handle, swparams, period_event ? buffer_size : period_size);
00197 if (err < 0) {
00198 printf("Unable to set avail min for playback: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00199 return err;
00200 }
00201 /* enable period events when requested */
00202 if (period_event) {
00203 err = snd_pcm_sw_params_set_period_event(handle, swparams, 1);
00204 if (err < 0) {
00205 printf("Unable to set period event: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00206 return err;
00207 }
00208 }
00209 /* write the parameters to the playback device */
00210 err = snd_pcm_sw_params(handle, swparams);
00211 if (err < 0) {
00212 printf("Unable to set sw params for playback: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00213 return err;
00214 }
00215 return 0;
00216 }
00217
00218 /*
00219 * Underrun and suspend recovery
00220 */
00221
00222 static int xrun_recovery(snd_pcm_t *handle, int err)
00223 {
00224 if (verbose)
00225 printf("stream recovery\n");
00226 if (err == -EPIPE) { /* under-run */
00227 err = snd_pcm_prepare(handle);
00228 if (err < 0)
00229 printf("Can't recovery from underrun, prepare failed: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00230 return 0;
00231 } else if (err == -ESTRPIPE) {
00232 while ((err = snd_pcm_resume(handle)) == -EAGAIN)
00233 sleep(1); /* wait until the suspend flag is released */
00234 if (err < 0) {
00235 err = snd_pcm_prepare(handle);
00236 if (err < 0)
00237 printf("Can't recovery from suspend, prepare failed: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00238 }
00239 return 0;
00240 }
00241 return err;
00242 }
00243
00244 /*
00245 * Transfer method - write only
00246 */
00247
00248 static int write_loop(snd_pcm_t *handle,
00249 signed short *samples,
00250 snd_pcm_channel_area_t *areas)
00251 {
00252 double phase = 0;
00253 signed short *ptr;
00254 int err, cptr;
00255
00256 while (1) {
00257 generate_sine(areas, 0, period_size, &phase);
00258 ptr = samples;
00259 cptr = period_size;
00260 while (cptr > 0) {
00261 err = snd_pcm_writei(handle, ptr, cptr);
00262 if (err == -EAGAIN)
00263 continue;
00264 if (err < 0) {
00265 if (xrun_recovery(handle, err) < 0) {
00266 printf("Write error: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00267 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
00268 }
00269 break; /* skip one period */
00270 }
00271 ptr += err * channels;
00272 cptr -= err;
00273 }
00274 }
00275 }
00276
00277 /*
00278 * Transfer method - write and wait for room in buffer using poll
00279 */
00280
00281 static int wait_for_poll(snd_pcm_t *handle, struct pollfd *ufds, unsigned int count)
00282 {
00283 unsigned short revents;
00284
00285 while (1) {
00286 poll(ufds, count, -1);
00287 snd_pcm_poll_descriptors_revents(handle, ufds, count, &revents);
00288 if (revents & POLLERR)
00289 return -EIO;
00290 if (revents & POLLOUT)
00291 return 0;
00292 }
00293 }
00294
00295 static int write_and_poll_loop(snd_pcm_t *handle,
00296 signed short *samples,
00297 snd_pcm_channel_area_t *areas)
00298 {
00299 struct pollfd *ufds;
00300 double phase = 0;
00301 signed short *ptr;
00302 int err, count, cptr, init;
00303
00304 count = snd_pcm_poll_descriptors_count (handle);
00305 if (count <= 0) {
00306 printf("Invalid poll descriptors count\n");
00307 return count;
00308 }
00309
00310 ufds = malloc(sizeof(struct pollfd) * count);
00311 if (ufds == NULL) {
00312 printf("No enough memory\n");
00313 return -ENOMEM;
00314 }
00315 if ((err = snd_pcm_poll_descriptors(handle, ufds, count)) < 0) {
00316 printf("Unable to obtain poll descriptors for playback: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00317 return err;
00318 }
00319
00320 init = 1;
00321 while (1) {
00322 if (!init) {
00323 err = wait_for_poll(handle, ufds, count);
00324 if (err < 0) {
00325 if (snd_pcm_state(handle) == SND_PCM_STATE_XRUN ||
00326 snd_pcm_state(handle) == SND_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED) {
00327 err = snd_pcm_state(handle) == SND_PCM_STATE_XRUN ? -EPIPE : -ESTRPIPE;
00328 if (xrun_recovery(handle, err) < 0) {
00329 printf("Write error: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00330 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
00331 }
00332 init = 1;
00333 } else {
00334 printf("Wait for poll failed\n");
00335 return err;
00336 }
00337 }
00338 }
00339
00340 generate_sine(areas, 0, period_size, &phase);
00341 ptr = samples;
00342 cptr = period_size;
00343 while (cptr > 0) {
00344 err = snd_pcm_writei(handle, ptr, cptr);
00345 if (err < 0) {
00346 if (xrun_recovery(handle, err) < 0) {
00347 printf("Write error: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00348 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
00349 }
00350 init = 1;
00351 break; /* skip one period */
00352 }
00353 if (snd_pcm_state(handle) == SND_PCM_STATE_RUNNING)
00354 init = 0;
00355 ptr += err * channels;
00356 cptr -= err;
00357 if (cptr == 0)
00358 break;
00359 /* it is possible, that the initial buffer cannot store */
00360 /* all data from the last period, so wait awhile */
00361 err = wait_for_poll(handle, ufds, count);
00362 if (err < 0) {
00363 if (snd_pcm_state(handle) == SND_PCM_STATE_XRUN ||
00364 snd_pcm_state(handle) == SND_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED) {
00365 err = snd_pcm_state(handle) == SND_PCM_STATE_XRUN ? -EPIPE : -ESTRPIPE;
00366 if (xrun_recovery(handle, err) < 0) {
00367 printf("Write error: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00368 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
00369 }
00370 init = 1;
00371 } else {
00372 printf("Wait for poll failed\n");
00373 return err;
00374 }
00375 }
00376 }
00377 }
00378 }
00379
00380 /*
00381 * Transfer method - asynchronous notification
00382 */
00383
00384 struct async_private_data {
00385 signed short *samples;
00386 snd_pcm_channel_area_t *areas;
00387 double phase;
00388 };
00389
00390 static void async_callback(snd_async_handler_t *ahandler)
00391 {
00392 snd_pcm_t *handle = snd_async_handler_get_pcm(ahandler);
00393 struct async_private_data *data = snd_async_handler_get_callback_private(ahandler);
00394 signed short *samples = data->samples;
00395 snd_pcm_channel_area_t *areas = data->areas;
00396 snd_pcm_sframes_t avail;
00397 int err;
00398
00399 avail = snd_pcm_avail_update(handle);
00400 while (avail >= period_size) {
00401 generate_sine(areas, 0, period_size, &data->phase);
00402 err = snd_pcm_writei(handle, samples, period_size);
00403 if (err < 0) {
00404 printf("Write error: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00405 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
00406 }
00407 if (err != period_size) {
00408 printf("Write error: written %i expected %li\n", err, period_size);
00409 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
00410 }
00411 avail = snd_pcm_avail_update(handle);
00412 }
00413 }
00414
00415 static int async_loop(snd_pcm_t *handle,
00416 signed short *samples,
00417 snd_pcm_channel_area_t *areas)
00418 {
00419 struct async_private_data data;
00420 snd_async_handler_t *ahandler;
00421 int err, count;
00422
00423 data.samples = samples;
00424 data.areas = areas;
00425 data.phase = 0;
00426 err = snd_async_add_pcm_handler(&ahandler, handle, async_callback, &data);
00427 if (err < 0) {
00428 printf("Unable to register async handler\n");
00429 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
00430 }
00431 for (count = 0; count < 2; count++) {
00432 generate_sine(areas, 0, period_size, &data.phase);
00433 err = snd_pcm_writei(handle, samples, period_size);
00434 if (err < 0) {
00435 printf("Initial write error: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00436 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
00437 }
00438 if (err != period_size) {
00439 printf("Initial write error: written %i expected %li\n", err, period_size);
00440 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
00441 }
00442 }
00443 if (snd_pcm_state(handle) == SND_PCM_STATE_PREPARED) {
00444 err = snd_pcm_start(handle);
00445 if (err < 0) {
00446 printf("Start error: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00447 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
00448 }
00449 }
00450
00451 /* because all other work is done in the signal handler,
00452 suspend the process */
00453 while (1) {
00454 sleep(1);
00455 }
00456 }
00457
00458 /*
00459 * Transfer method - asynchronous notification + direct write
00460 */
00461
00462 static void async_direct_callback(snd_async_handler_t *ahandler)
00463 {
00464 snd_pcm_t *handle = snd_async_handler_get_pcm(ahandler);
00465 struct async_private_data *data = snd_async_handler_get_callback_private(ahandler);
00466 const snd_pcm_channel_area_t *my_areas;
00467 snd_pcm_uframes_t offset, frames, size;
00468 snd_pcm_sframes_t avail, commitres;
00469 snd_pcm_state_t state;
00470 int first = 0, err;
00471
00472 while (1) {
00473 state = snd_pcm_state(handle);
00474 if (state == SND_PCM_STATE_XRUN) {
00475 err = xrun_recovery(handle, -EPIPE);
00476 if (err < 0) {
00477 printf("XRUN recovery failed: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00478 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
00479 }
00480 first = 1;
00481 } else if (state == SND_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED) {
00482 err = xrun_recovery(handle, -ESTRPIPE);
00483 if (err < 0) {
00484 printf("SUSPEND recovery failed: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00485 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
00486 }
00487 }
00488 avail = snd_pcm_avail_update(handle);
00489 if (avail < 0) {
00490 err = xrun_recovery(handle, avail);
00491 if (err < 0) {
00492 printf("avail update failed: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00493 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
00494 }
00495 first = 1;
00496 continue;
00497 }
00498 if (avail < period_size) {
00499 if (first) {
00500 first = 0;
00501 err = snd_pcm_start(handle);
00502 if (err < 0) {
00503 printf("Start error: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00504 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
00505 }
00506 } else {
00507 break;
00508 }
00509 continue;
00510 }
00511 size = period_size;
00512 while (size > 0) {
00513 frames = size;
00514 err = snd_pcm_mmap_begin(handle, &my_areas, &offset, &frames);
00515 if (err < 0) {
00516 if ((err = xrun_recovery(handle, err)) < 0) {
00517 printf("MMAP begin avail error: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00518 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
00519 }
00520 first = 1;
00521 }
00522 generate_sine(my_areas, offset, frames, &data->phase);
00523 commitres = snd_pcm_mmap_commit(handle, offset, frames);
00524 if (commitres < 0 || (snd_pcm_uframes_t)commitres != frames) {
00525 if ((err = xrun_recovery(handle, commitres >= 0 ? -EPIPE : commitres)) < 0) {
00526 printf("MMAP commit error: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00527 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
00528 }
00529 first = 1;
00530 }
00531 size -= frames;
00532 }
00533 }
00534 }
00535
00536 static int async_direct_loop(snd_pcm_t *handle,
00537 signed short *samples ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
00538 snd_pcm_channel_area_t *areas ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
00539 {
00540 struct async_private_data data;
00541 snd_async_handler_t *ahandler;
00542 const snd_pcm_channel_area_t *my_areas;
00543 snd_pcm_uframes_t offset, frames, size;
00544 snd_pcm_sframes_t commitres;
00545 int err, count;
00546
00547 data.samples = NULL; /* we do not require the global sample area for direct write */
00548 data.areas = NULL; /* we do not require the global areas for direct write */
00549 data.phase = 0;
00550 err = snd_async_add_pcm_handler(&ahandler, handle, async_direct_callback, &data);
00551 if (err < 0) {
00552 printf("Unable to register async handler\n");
00553 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
00554 }
00555 for (count = 0; count < 2; count++) {
00556 size = period_size;
00557 while (size > 0) {
00558 frames = size;
00559 err = snd_pcm_mmap_begin(handle, &my_areas, &offset, &frames);
00560 if (err < 0) {
00561 if ((err = xrun_recovery(handle, err)) < 0) {
00562 printf("MMAP begin avail error: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00563 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
00564 }
00565 }
00566 generate_sine(my_areas, offset, frames, &data.phase);
00567 commitres = snd_pcm_mmap_commit(handle, offset, frames);
00568 if (commitres < 0 || (snd_pcm_uframes_t)commitres != frames) {
00569 if ((err = xrun_recovery(handle, commitres >= 0 ? -EPIPE : commitres)) < 0) {
00570 printf("MMAP commit error: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00571 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
00572 }
00573 }
00574 size -= frames;
00575 }
00576 }
00577 err = snd_pcm_start(handle);
00578 if (err < 0) {
00579 printf("Start error: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00580 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
00581 }
00582
00583 /* because all other work is done in the signal handler,
00584 suspend the process */
00585 while (1) {
00586 sleep(1);
00587 }
00588 }
00589
00590 /*
00591 * Transfer method - direct write only
00592 */
00593
00594 static int direct_loop(snd_pcm_t *handle,
00595 signed short *samples ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
00596 snd_pcm_channel_area_t *areas ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
00597 {
00598 double phase = 0;
00599 const snd_pcm_channel_area_t *my_areas;
00600 snd_pcm_uframes_t offset, frames, size;
00601 snd_pcm_sframes_t avail, commitres;
00602 snd_pcm_state_t state;
00603 int err, first = 1;
00604
00605 while (1) {
00606 state = snd_pcm_state(handle);
00607 if (state == SND_PCM_STATE_XRUN) {
00608 err = xrun_recovery(handle, -EPIPE);
00609 if (err < 0) {
00610 printf("XRUN recovery failed: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00611 return err;
00612 }
00613 first = 1;
00614 } else if (state == SND_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED) {
00615 err = xrun_recovery(handle, -ESTRPIPE);
00616 if (err < 0) {
00617 printf("SUSPEND recovery failed: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00618 return err;
00619 }
00620 }
00621 avail = snd_pcm_avail_update(handle);
00622 if (avail < 0) {
00623 err = xrun_recovery(handle, avail);
00624 if (err < 0) {
00625 printf("avail update failed: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00626 return err;
00627 }
00628 first = 1;
00629 continue;
00630 }
00631 if (avail < period_size) {
00632 if (first) {
00633 first = 0;
00634 err = snd_pcm_start(handle);
00635 if (err < 0) {
00636 printf("Start error: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00637 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
00638 }
00639 } else {
00640 err = snd_pcm_wait(handle, -1);
00641 if (err < 0) {
00642 if ((err = xrun_recovery(handle, err)) < 0) {
00643 printf("snd_pcm_wait error: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00644 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
00645 }
00646 first = 1;
00647 }
00648 }
00649 continue;
00650 }
00651 size = period_size;
00652 while (size > 0) {
00653 frames = size;
00654 err = snd_pcm_mmap_begin(handle, &my_areas, &offset, &frames);
00655 if (err < 0) {
00656 if ((err = xrun_recovery(handle, err)) < 0) {
00657 printf("MMAP begin avail error: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00658 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
00659 }
00660 first = 1;
00661 }
00662 generate_sine(my_areas, offset, frames, &phase);
00663 commitres = snd_pcm_mmap_commit(handle, offset, frames);
00664 if (commitres < 0 || (snd_pcm_uframes_t)commitres != frames) {
00665 if ((err = xrun_recovery(handle, commitres >= 0 ? -EPIPE : commitres)) < 0) {
00666 printf("MMAP commit error: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00667 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
00668 }
00669 first = 1;
00670 }
00671 size -= frames;
00672 }
00673 }
00674 }
00675
00676 /*
00677 * Transfer method - direct write only using mmap_write functions
00678 */
00679
00680 static int direct_write_loop(snd_pcm_t *handle,
00681 signed short *samples,
00682 snd_pcm_channel_area_t *areas)
00683 {
00684 double phase = 0;
00685 signed short *ptr;
00686 int err, cptr;
00687
00688 while (1) {
00689 generate_sine(areas, 0, period_size, &phase);
00690 ptr = samples;
00691 cptr = period_size;
00692 while (cptr > 0) {
00693 err = snd_pcm_mmap_writei(handle, ptr, cptr);
00694 if (err == -EAGAIN)
00695 continue;
00696 if (err < 0) {
00697 if (xrun_recovery(handle, err) < 0) {
00698 printf("Write error: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00699 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
00700 }
00701 break; /* skip one period */
00702 }
00703 ptr += err * channels;
00704 cptr -= err;
00705 }
00706 }
00707 }
00708
00709 /*
00710 *
00711 */
00712
00713 struct transfer_method {
00714 const char *name;
00715 snd_pcm_access_t access;
00716 int (*transfer_loop)(snd_pcm_t *handle,
00717 signed short *samples,
00718 snd_pcm_channel_area_t *areas);
00719 };
00720
00721 static struct transfer_method transfer_methods[] = {
00722 { "write", SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED, write_loop },
00723 { "write_and_poll", SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED, write_and_poll_loop },
00724 { "async", SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED, async_loop },
00725 { "async_direct", SND_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_INTERLEAVED, async_direct_loop },
00726 { "direct_interleaved", SND_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_INTERLEAVED, direct_loop },
00727 { "direct_noninterleaved", SND_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_NONINTERLEAVED, direct_loop },
00728 { "direct_write", SND_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_INTERLEAVED, direct_write_loop },
00729 { NULL, SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED, NULL }
00730 };
00731
00732 static void help(void)
00733 {
00734 int k;
00735 printf(
00736 "Usage: pcm [OPTION]... [FILE]...\n"
00737 "-h,--help help\n"
00738 "-D,--device playback device\n"
00739 "-r,--rate stream rate in Hz\n"
00740 "-c,--channels count of channels in stream\n"
00741 "-f,--frequency sine wave frequency in Hz\n"
00742 "-b,--buffer ring buffer size in us\n"
00743 "-p,--period period size in us\n"
00744 "-m,--method transfer method\n"
00745 "-o,--format sample format\n"
00746 "-v,--verbose show the PCM setup parameters\n"
00747 "-n,--noresample do not resample\n"
00748 "-e,--pevent enable poll event after each period\n"
00749 "\n");
00750 printf("Recognized sample formats are:");
00751 for (k = 0; k < SND_PCM_FORMAT_LAST; ++k) {
00752 const char *s = snd_pcm_format_name(k);
00753 if (s)
00754 printf(" %s", s);
00755 }
00756 printf("\n");
00757 printf("Recognized transfer methods are:");
00758 for (k = 0; transfer_methods[k].name; k++)
00759 printf(" %s", transfer_methods[k].name);
00760 printf("\n");
00761 }
00762
00763 int main(int argc, char *argv[])
00764 {
00765 struct option long_option[] =
00766 {
00767 {"help", 0, NULL, 'h'},
00768 {"device", 1, NULL, 'D'},
00769 {"rate", 1, NULL, 'r'},
00770 {"channels", 1, NULL, 'c'},
00771 {"frequency", 1, NULL, 'f'},
00772 {"buffer", 1, NULL, 'b'},
00773 {"period", 1, NULL, 'p'},
00774 {"method", 1, NULL, 'm'},
00775 {"format", 1, NULL, 'o'},
00776 {"verbose", 1, NULL, 'v'},
00777 {"noresample", 1, NULL, 'n'},
00778 {"pevent", 1, NULL, 'e'},
00779 {NULL, 0, NULL, 0},
00780 };
00781 snd_pcm_t *handle;
00782 int err, morehelp;
00783 snd_pcm_hw_params_t *hwparams;
00784 snd_pcm_sw_params_t *swparams;
00785 int method = 0;
00786 signed short *samples;
00787 unsigned int chn;
00788 snd_pcm_channel_area_t *areas;
00789
00790 snd_pcm_hw_params_alloca(&hwparams);
00791 snd_pcm_sw_params_alloca(&swparams);
00792
00793 morehelp = 0;
00794 while (1) {
00795 int c;
00796 if ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hD:r:c:f:b:p:m:o:vne", long_option, NULL)) < 0)
00797 break;
00798 switch (c) {
00799 case 'h':
00800 morehelp++;
00801 break;
00802 case 'D':
00803 device = strdup(optarg);
00804 break;
00805 case 'r':
00806 rate = atoi(optarg);
00807 rate = rate < 4000 ? 4000 : rate;
00808 rate = rate > 196000 ? 196000 : rate;
00809 break;
00810 case 'c':
00811 channels = atoi(optarg);
00812 channels = channels < 1 ? 1 : channels;
00813 channels = channels > 1024 ? 1024 : channels;
00814 break;
00815 case 'f':
00816 freq = atoi(optarg);
00817 freq = freq < 50 ? 50 : freq;
00818 freq = freq > 5000 ? 5000 : freq;
00819 break;
00820 case 'b':
00821 buffer_time = atoi(optarg);
00822 buffer_time = buffer_time < 1000 ? 1000 : buffer_time;
00823 buffer_time = buffer_time > 1000000 ? 1000000 : buffer_time;
00824 break;
00825 case 'p':
00826 period_time = atoi(optarg);
00827 period_time = period_time < 1000 ? 1000 : period_time;
00828 period_time = period_time > 1000000 ? 1000000 : period_time;
00829 break;
00830 case 'm':
00831 for (method = 0; transfer_methods[method].name; method++)
00832 if (!strcasecmp(transfer_methods[method].name, optarg))
00833 break;
00834 if (transfer_methods[method].name == NULL)
00835 method = 0;
00836 break;
00837 case 'o':
00838 for (format = 0; format < SND_PCM_FORMAT_LAST; format++) {
00839 const char *format_name = snd_pcm_format_name(format);
00840 if (format_name)
00841 if (!strcasecmp(format_name, optarg))
00842 break;
00843 }
00844 if (format == SND_PCM_FORMAT_LAST)
00845 format = SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16;
00846 if (!snd_pcm_format_linear(format) &&
00847 !(format == SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT_LE ||
00848 format == SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT_BE)) {
00849 printf("Invalid (non-linear/float) format %s\n",
00850 optarg);
00851 return 1;
00852 }
00853 break;
00854 case 'v':
00855 verbose = 1;
00856 break;
00857 case 'n':
00858 resample = 0;
00859 break;
00860 case 'e':
00861 period_event = 1;
00862 break;
00863 }
00864 }
00865
00866 if (morehelp) {
00867 help();
00868 return 0;
00869 }
00870
00871 err = snd_output_stdio_attach(&output, stdout, 0);
00872 if (err < 0) {
00873 printf("Output failed: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00874 return 0;
00875 }
00876
00877 printf("Playback device is %s\n", device);
00878 printf("Stream parameters are %iHz, %s, %i channels\n", rate, snd_pcm_format_name(format), channels);
00879 printf("Sine wave rate is %.4fHz\n", freq);
00880 printf("Using transfer method: %s\n", transfer_methods[method].name);
00881
00882 if ((err = snd_pcm_open(&handle, device, SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK, 0)) < 0) {
00883 printf("Playback open error: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00884 return 0;
00885 }
00886
00887 if ((err = set_hwparams(handle, hwparams, transfer_methods[method].access)) < 0) {
00888 printf("Setting of hwparams failed: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00889 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
00890 }
00891 if ((err = set_swparams(handle, swparams)) < 0) {
00892 printf("Setting of swparams failed: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00893 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
00894 }
00895
00896 if (verbose > 0)
00897 snd_pcm_dump(handle, output);
00898
00899 samples = malloc((period_size * channels * snd_pcm_format_physical_width(format)) / 8);
00900 if (samples == NULL) {
00901 printf("No enough memory\n");
00902 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
00903 }
00904
00905 areas = calloc(channels, sizeof(snd_pcm_channel_area_t));
00906 if (areas == NULL) {
00907 printf("No enough memory\n");
00908 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
00909 }
00910 for (chn = 0; chn < channels; chn++) {
00911 areas[chn].addr = samples;
00912 areas[chn].first = chn * snd_pcm_format_physical_width(format);
00913 areas[chn].step = channels * snd_pcm_format_physical_width(format);
00914 }
00915
00916 err = transfer_methods[method].transfer_loop(handle, samples, areas);
00917 if (err < 0)
00918 printf("Transfer failed: %s\n", snd_strerror(err));
00919
00920 free(areas);
00921 free(samples);
00922 snd_pcm_close(handle);
00923 return 0;
00924 }
00925
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