####1.类方法与静态方法
# 方法: 函数
# 属性: 变量名
class Date(object):
def __init__(self, year, month, day):
self.year = year
self.month = month
self.day = day
# echo普通方法, 默认情况下会传递对象给echo
def echo(self):
return "%s %s %s" %(self.year, self.month, self.day)
# 默认传递类本身给这个方法;
@classmethod
def as_string(cls, s):
print(cls)
month, day, year = s.split('/')
d = cls(year, month, day)
return d
# 默认python解释器不会传递任何参数
@staticmethod
def is_vaild(s):
# 批量将年月日转换成整形(列表生成式, map)
# month, day, year = s.split('/')
# month, day, year = [int(i) for i in s.split('/')]
month, day, year = map(int, s.split('/'))
return 0 < month <= 12 and 0 < day <= 31 and 1 < year < 9999
#
# d = Date(2018, 10, 10)
# d.echo()
# s = '10/10/2018'
# # print(as_string('12/10/2019').echo())
#
# print(Date.as_string(s).echo())
s = '10/10/2018'
print(Date.is_vaild(s))
d = Date(2018, 10, 10)
print(d.is_vaild('13/10/2019'))
from datetime import date
#
# """
# 类方法的官方使用案例: from datetime import date
#
# @classmethod
# def fromtimestamp(cls, t):
# "Construct a date from a POSIX timestamp (like time.time())."
# y, m, d, hh, mm, ss, weekday, jday, dst = _time.localtime(t)
# return cls(y, m, d)
#
# @classmethod
# def today(cls):
# "Construct a date from time.time()."
# t = _time.time()
# return cls.fromtimestamp(t)
#
#
#
#
# 类属性的官方使用案例: 显示年月日, 但是不能任意修改年月日
#
#
# # Read-only field accessors
# @property
# def year(self):
# """year (1-9999)"""
# return self._year
#
# @property
# def month(self):
# """month (1-12)"""
# return self._month
#
# @property
# def day(self):
# """day (1-31)"""
# return self._day
# """
from datetime import date
####2.with语句
# # 上下文管理协议
# # 1). 当with语句开始运行的时候,执行什么方法;
# # 2). 当with语句执行结束之后出发某个方法的运行;
# with open('/etc/passwd') as f:
# print(f.read())
class MyOpen(object):
def __init__(self, filename, mode='r'):
self._name = filename
self._mode = mode
# 当with语句开始运行的时候,执行什么方法;
def __enter__(self):
self.f = open(self._name, self._mode)
return self.f
# 当with语句执行结束之后出发某个方法的运行;
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
self.f.close()
@property
def name(self):
return self._name
@property
def mode(self):
return self._mode
with MyOpen('/etc/passwd') as f:
print(f.closed)
print(f.read(5))
print(f.closed)
# with open('/etc/passwd') as f:
####3.面向对象的反射机制
反射: 让对象告诉我们相关信息(对象拥有的属性和方法, 对象所属的类等....)
# 1). 如果知道对象拥有的属性和方法.
print(dir(str))
f = open('/tmp/passwd')
print(dir(f))
# 2). 判断对象所属的类
print(type('hello'))
class Student(object):
"""
这是student类的帮助文档
"""
def __init__(self, name, age):
self.name = name
self.__age = age
def get_score(self):
return "score"
def get_grade(self):
return 'grade'
s1 = Student("fentiao", 10)
print(type(s1))
print(isinstance(s1, Student))
print(isinstance('hello', Student))
# 3). 跟据对象可以获取的内容
print(s1.__class__)
print(s1.__dict__)
print(s1.__doc__)
# 4). hasattr, getattr, setattr, delattr
# hasattr: 判断对象是否包含对应的属性或者方法名;
print(hasattr(s1, 'name'))
print(hasattr(s1, '__age')) # 私有属性, 私有方法, 是不能判断的;
print(hasattr(s1, 'score'))
print(hasattr(s1, 'get_score'))
print(hasattr(s1, 'set_score'))
# getattr: 用于返回对象的属性值或者方法名对应的方法体;
print(getattr(s1, 'name'))
print(getattr(s1, '__age', 'no attr'))
print(getattr(s1, 'get_score', 'no method')) # 获取方法名, 如果要执行方法, 直接调用即可
print(getattr(s1, 'set_score', 'no method')) # 获取方法名, 如果要执行方法, 直接调用即可
# setattr:
# 修改某个属性的值
setattr(s1, 'name', 'westos')
print(getattr(s1, 'name'))
# 添加某个属性及对应的值;
setattr(s1, 'score', 100)
print(getattr(s1, 'score'))
# 修改方法
def get_score1():
return "这是修改的方法内容"
setattr(s1, 'get_score', get_score1)
print(getattr(s1, 'get_score')())
def set_score():
return "这是添加的方法"
# 添加方法
setattr(s1, 'set_score', set_score)
print(getattr(s1, 'set_score')())
# delattr
delattr(s1, 'name')
print(hasattr(s1, 'name'))
print(hasattr(s1, 'set_score'))
delattr(s1, 'set_score')
print(hasattr(s1, 'set_score'))
####4.反射机制的应用场景_动态方法调用
https://www.csdn.net/nav/newarticles
https://www.csdn.net/nav/watchers
https://www.csdn.net/nav/news
https://www.csdn.net/nav/ai
https://www.csdn.net/bbs/newarticles
https://www.csdn.net/bbs/watchers
https://www.csdn.net/bbs/news
https://www.csdn.net/bbs/ai
class Web(object):
def newarticles(self):
return "<h1>newarticles</h1>"
def watchers(self):
return "<h1>watchers</h1>"
def news(self):
return "<h1>news</h1>"
def ai(self):
return "<h1>ai</h1>"
flask = Web()
def run():
url = input("url:").split('/')[-1]
# if url == 'news':
# return flask.news()
# elif url == 'ai':
# return flask.ai()
# else:
# return "<h1>404</h1>"
if hasattr(flask, url): # ai
return getattr(flask, url)()
else:
return "<h1>404</h1>"
if __name__ == "__main__":
while True:
print(run())
####5.反射机制与动态倒入模块
# 动态导入模块
/bbs/login
/bbs/index
/blog/login
/blog/index
def run():
# '/bbs/index' ; modules='bbs', func=‘index’
modules, func = input("url:").split('/')[-2:]
# 导入一个包含变量的模块名, 其中obj是模块的别名
obj = __import__('lib.'+ modules)
# 判断模块中是否有指定的方法, 如果有, 则执行代码, 如果没有, 404报错;
print(obj)
# print(modules)
# print(obj.index())
if hasattr(obj, func):
fun = getattr(obj, func)
return fun()
else:
return "404: 页面找不到"
# import lib.bbs
# import lib.bbs as obj
# obj.index()
# lib.bbs.index()
# if hasattr(flask, url): # ai
# return getattr(flask, url)()
# else:
# return "<h1>404</h1>"
if __name__ == "__main__":
while True:
print(run())
####6.倒入模块import理解
# 注意: __import__内置函数用于动态加载类和函数.
# 如果一个模块经常变化, 就可以使用__import__实现动态导入.
import lib.bbs as obj
print(obj.index())
obj = __import__('lib.bbs')
print(obj.index())