python---difflib模块

1.什么是difflib

这个模块提供的类和方法用来进行差异化比较，它能够生成文本或者html格式的差异化比较结果，如果需要比较目录的不同，可以使用filecmp模块。

比较/etc/passwd 和 /tmp/passwd 这两个文件有那里不同

import  difflib


file1 = '/etc/passwd'
file2 = '/tmp/passwd'


with open(file1)  as f1, open(file2) as f2:
    text1 = f1.readlines()
    text2 = f2.readlines()

d = difflib.HtmlDiff()
with open("passwd.html", 'w') as f:
    f.write(d.make_file(text1, text2))

2.difflib里面的案例

import  difflib

# ['', '1 line', '2 line']
text1 = '''  
    1. Beautiful is better than ugly.
    2. Explicit is better than implicit.
    3. Simple is better than complex.
    4. Complex is better than complicated.
'''.splitlines(keepends=True)


text2 = '''  
    1. Beautifu  is better than ugly.
    2. Explicit is better than implicit.
    3. Simple is better than complex.
    4. Complex is better than complicated.
'''.splitlines(keepends=True)



# 1. 以字符串方式展示两个文本的不同， 效果如下:
d = difflib.Differ()
result = list(d.compare(text1, text2))
result = " ".join(result)
print(result)
"""
 -     1. Beautiful is better than ugly.
 ?                ^
 +     1. Beautifu  is better than ugly.
 ?                ^
       2. Explicit is better than implicit.
       3. Simple is better than complex.
       4. Complex is better than complicated.
"""


# 2. 以html方式展示两个文本的不同， 浏览器打开:
d = difflib.HtmlDiff()
with open("passwd.html", 'w') as f:
    f.write(d.make_file(text1, text2))