【openGauss5.0.0】数据库恢复XLOG分析

文章详细描述了一个使用openEuler20.03LTS的PostgreSQL5.0.0企业版数据库进行实验,探讨了快速和立即关闭模式对事务的影响,以及XLOG在数据库恢复过程中的关键作用。实验中展示了在不同关闭模式下,数据库的运行日志变化和数据恢复情况。
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一、实验环境

  1. Virtualbox:一台虚拟机
  2. 操作系统:openEuler20.03 LTS
  3. 数据库版本:5.0.0 企业版

二、相关知识点

关闭模式有两种:

  1. 快速(fast):快速关闭数据库,断开客户端的连接,让当前未提交事务回滚,然后正常关闭数据库。
  2. 立即(immediate):立即关闭数据库,立即停止数据库进程,直接退出;下次启动时会进行数据库恢复

三、实验过程

  1. 启动数据库系统

  2. 通过gsql登录postgres数据库

  3. 创建测试表t3

    openGauss=# CREATE TABLE t3 (id INT, name VARCHAR(50));
    
  4. 开启显示事务并执行insert语句,但未提交事务

    openGauss=# begin;
    BEGIN
    openGauss=# insert into t3 values(1, 'test');
    INSERT 0 1
    openGauss=#
    
  5. 打开新的SSH会话窗口以fast模式关闭数据库

    gs_om -t stop -m fast
    
  6. 查看数据库运行日志变化情况

    2024-03-25 20:54:14.625 66017163.1 [unknown] 140545200476096 [unknown] 0 dn_6001 00000  0 [BACKEND] LOG:  received fast shutdown request
    2024-03-25 20:54:14.643 66017164.6124 [unknown] 140541970036480 AutoVacLauncher 0 dn_6001 00000  0 [BACKEND] LOG:  autovacuum launcher shutting down
    2024-03-25 20:54:14.647 66017164.5080 postgres 140541944805120 JobScheduler 0 dn_6001 00000  0 [BACKEND] LOG:  job scheduler is shutting down
    2024-03-25 20:54:14.657 66017164.6127 [unknown] 140541538858752 dn_6001 0 dn_6001 00000  0 [BACKEND] LOG:  shutting down
    2024-03-25 20:54:14.746 66017164.6127 [unknown] 140541538858752 dn_6001 0 dn_6001 00000  0 [BACKEND] LOG:  will do full checkpoint, need flush 0 pages.
    2024-03-25 20:54:14.746 66017164.6127 [unknown] 140541538858752 dn_6001 0 dn_6001 00000  0 [SLRU] LOG:  remove old segments(<0) under pg_csnlog
    2024-03-25 20:54:15.017 66017164.6132 [unknown] 140542053943040 dn_6001 0 dn_6001 00000  0 [INCRE_CKPT] LOG:  pagewriter thread shut down, id is 2
    2024-03-25 20:54:15.020 66017164.6125 [unknown] 140542087505664 dn_6001 0 dn_6001 00000  0 [INCRE_CKPT] LOG:  pagewriter thread shut down, id is 0
    2024-03-25 20:54:15.023 66017164.6127 [unknown] 140541538858752 dn_6001 0 dn_6001 00000  0 [UNDO] LOG:  [CheckPointUndoSystemMeta:355]undo metadata checkPointRedo = 38073248, oldestXmin = 19961, recycleXmin = 19961, globalFrozenXid = 0, globalRecycleXid = 13845.
    2024-03-25 20:54:15.026 66017164.6127 [unknown] 140541538858752 dn_6001 0 dn_6001 00000  0 [BACKEND] LOG:  keep all the xlog segments, because current segno = 2, less than wal_keep_segments = 16
    2024-03-25 20:54:15.026 66017164.6127 [unknown] 140541538858752 dn_6001 0 dn_6001 01000  0 [BACKEND] WARNING:  replicationSlotMinLSN is InvalidXLogRecPtr!!!
    2024-03-25 20:54:15.026 66017164.6127 [unknown] 140541538858752 dn_6001 0 dn_6001 01000  0 [BACKEND] WARNING:  replicationSlotMaxLSN is InvalidXLogRecPtr!!!
    2024-03-25 20:54:15.027 66017164.6127 [unknown] 140541538858752 dn_6001 0 dn_6001 00000  0 [BACKEND] LOG:  CreateCheckPoint PrintCkpXctlControlFile: [checkPoint] oldCkpLoc:0/244D808, oldRedo:0/244D788, newCkpLoc:0/244F3A0, newRedo:0/244F3A0, preCkpLoc:0/244D6E8
    2024-03-25 20:54:15.027 66017164.6127 [unknown] 140541538858752 dn_6001 0 dn_6001 00000  0 [BACKEND] LOG:  will update control file (create checkpoint), shutdown:1
    2024-03-25 20:54:15.028 66017164.6127 [unknown] 140541538858752 dn_6001 0 dn_6001 00000  0 [BACKEND] LOG:  attempting to remove WAL segments older than log file 000000010000000000000000
    2024-03-25 20:54:15.029 66017164.6127 [unknown] 140541538858752 dn_6001 0 dn_6001 00000  0 [DBL_WRT] LOG:  Double write exit
    2024-03-25 20:54:15.029 66017164.6127 [unknown] 140541538858752 dn_6001 0 dn_6001 00000  0 [DBL_WRT] LOG:  Double write exit
    2024-03-25 20:54:15.029 66017164.6127 [unknown] 140541538858752 dn_6001 0 dn_6001 00000  0 [BACKEND] LOG:  database system is shut down
    2024-03-25 20:54:15.30  [postmaster][reaper][140545200476096] LOG: checkpoint thread exit and nowait for sharestorage
    2024-03-25 20:54:15.118 66017163.1 [unknown] 140545200476096 [unknown] 0 dn_6001 00000  0 [BACKEND] LOG:  FiniNuma allocIndex: 0.
    2024-03-25 20:54:15.118 66017163.1 [unknown] 140545200476096 [unknown] 0 dn_6001 00000  0 [BACKEND] LOG:  Gaussdb exit(0)
    
  7. 重启数据库,查看t3表数据及当前xlog插入点及LSN

    [omm@standalone ~]$ gs_om -t start
    [omm@standalone ~]$ gsql -d postgres -p 26000 -r
    openGauss=# select * from t3;
     id | name
    ----+------
    (0 rows)
    openGauss=# select pg_current_xlog_insert_location();
     pg_current_xlog_insert_location
    ---------------------------------
     0/244F8C0
    (1 row)
    openGauss=# select pg_xlogfile_name('0/244F8C0');
     pg_xlogfile_name
    --------------------------
     000000010000000000000002
    (1 row)
    
    openGauss=# select pg_xlogfile_name_offset('0/244F8C0');
          pg_xlogfile_name_offset
    ------------------------------------
     (000000010000000000000002,4520128)
    (1 row)
    

    查看表数据,发现未提交的事务被回滚,insert语句插入的数据没有出现在表中。

  8. 重复步骤2重新登录数据库,在不开启显示事务下执行insert语句

    openGauss=# insert into t3 values(1, 'test');
    INSERT 0 1
    
  9. 查看当前xlog插入点及LSN所在WAL的位置

    openGauss=# select pg_current_xlog_insert_location();
     pg_current_xlog_insert_location
    ---------------------------------
     0/244FE20
    (1 row)
    openGauss=# select pg_xlogfile_name('0/244FE20');
     pg_xlogfile_name
    --------------------------
     000000010000000000000002
    (1 row)
    
    openGauss=# select pg_xlogfile_name_offset('0/244FE20');
     pg_xlogfile_name_offset
    ------------------------------------
     (000000010000000000000002,4521504)
    (1 row)
    

    xlog当前插入点:0/244FE20,当前插入的xlog segment为:000000010000000000000002,LSN为:4521504

  10. 打开新的SSH会话窗口以immediate模式关闭数据库

    gs_om -t stop -m immediate
    
  11. 重复步骤6查看新的运行日志变化情况
    找到最新的一条日志文件,查看最后11数据,内容如下:

    2024-03-25 21:06:49.293 660174cd.6125 [unknown] 140493807679232 dn_6001 0 dn_6001 00000  0 [BACKEND] LOG:  keep all the xlog segments, because current segno = 2, less than wal_keep_segments = 16
    2024-03-25 21:06:49.294 660174cd.6125 [unknown] 140493807679232 dn_6001 0 dn_6001 01000  0 [BACKEND] WARNING:  replicationSlotMinLSN is InvalidXLogRecPtr!!!
    2024-03-25 21:06:49.294 660174cd.6125 [unknown] 140493807679232 dn_6001 0 dn_6001 01000  0 [BACKEND] WARNING:  replicationSlotMaxLSN is InvalidXLogRecPtr!!!
    2024-03-25 21:06:49.294 660174cd.6125 [unknown] 140493807679232 dn_6001 0 dn_6001 00000  0 [BACKEND] LOG:  CreateCheckPoint PrintCkpXctlControlFile: [checkPoint] oldCkpLoc:0/244FCA0, oldRedo:0/244FC20, newCkpLoc:0/244FEA0, newRedo:0/244FE20, preCkpLoc:0/244FB80
    2024-03-25 21:06:49.294 660174cd.6125 [unknown] 140493807679232 dn_6001 0 dn_6001 00000  0 [BACKEND] LOG:  will update control file (create checkpoint), shutdown:0
    2024-03-25 21:06:49.296 660174cd.6125 [unknown] 140493807679232 dn_6001 0 dn_6001 00000  0 [BACKEND] LOG:  attempting to remove WAL segments older than log file 000000010000000000000000
    2024-03-25 21:07:07.667 660176fb.5060 postgres 140493504444160 Clean Statement thread 0 dn_6001 00000  0 [BACKEND] LOG:  clean statement thread start
    2024-03-25 21:07:43.608 660174cd.1 [unknown] 140497468059584 [unknown] 0 dn_6001 00000  0 [BACKEND] LOG:  received immediate shutdown request
    2024-03-25 21:07:43.608 660174cd.10000 [unknown] 140494557538048 dn_6001 0 dn_6001 00000  0 [BACKEND] LOG:  [Alarm Module]alarm checker shutting down...
    2024-03-25 21:07:43.612 660174cd.1 [unknown] 140497468059584 [unknown] 0 dn_6001 00000  0 [BACKEND] LOG:  FiniNuma allocIndex: 0.
    2024-03-25 21:07:43.612 660174cd.1 [unknown] 140497468059584 [unknown] 0 dn_6001 00000  0 [BACKEND] LOG:  Gaussdb exit(0)
    

    注意,其中有一行日志为:

    [BACKEND] LOG: CreateCheckPoint PrintCkpXctlControlFile: [checkPoint] oldCkpLoc:0/244FCA0, oldRedo:0/244FC20, newCkpLoc:0/244FEA0, newRedo:0/244FE20, preCkpLoc:0/244FB80
    表明了重做日志点的位置:0/244FE20,这个值和第9步骤看到的是一样的。

  12. 再重启数据库,查看t3表数据及运行日志变化情况

    openGauss=# select * from t3;
     id | name
    ----+------
      1 | test
    (1 row)
    

    t3表已有数据。再看最新的运行日志:

    [BACKEND] LOG:  database system was not properly shut down; automatic recovery in progress
    [BACKEND] LOG:  StartupXLOG PrintCkpXctlControlFile: [checkPoint] oldCkpLoc:0/244FEA0, oldRedo:0/244FE20, newCkpLoc:0/244FEA0, newRedo:0/244FE20, preCkpLoc:0/244FCA0
    ……
     [BACKEND] LOG:  redo starts at 0/244FE20
     [BACKEND] LOG:  redo done at 0/244FEA0, end at 0/244FF40
     [REDO] LOG:  [PR]: Recoverying elapsed: 102217 us, redoTotalBytes:288,EndRecPtr:38076224, redoStartPtr:38075936,speed:0 MB/s, totalTime:102217
     [BACKEND] LOG:  CreateCheckPoint PrintCkpXctlControlFile: [checkPoint] oldCkpLoc:0/244FEA0, oldRedo:0/244FE20, newCkpLoc:0/244FFC0, newRedo:0/244FF40, preCkpLoc:0/244FEA0
    

    其中redo starts at 0/244FE20 说明重启后,数据库需要重做日志,将数据进行恢复。

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