C#深拷贝和浅拷贝的区别

先上代码，后解释：

public class Person
    {
        public int Age;
        public DateTime BirthDate;
        public string Name;
        public IdInfo IdInfo;

        /// <summary>
        /// 浅拷贝（在当前对象中：只对值类型进行拷贝，并在堆中创建新的对象。）
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public Person ShallCopy()
        {
            return (Person)this.MemberwiseClone();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 深拷贝（在当前对象中：分别对值类型和引用类型进行拷贝，并在堆中创建新的对象。）
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public Person DeepCopy()
        {
            Person other = (Person)this.MemberwiseClone();
            other.IdInfo = new IdInfo(IdInfo.IdNumber);
            other.Name = String.Copy(Name);
            return other;
        }
    }

public class IdInfo
    {
        public int IdNumber;

        public IdInfo(int idNumber)
        {
            this.IdNumber = idNumber;
        }
    }

class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Person p1 = new Person();
            p1.Age = 42;
            p1.BirthDate = Convert.ToDateTime("1977-01-01");
            p1.Name = "Jack Daniels";
            p1.IdInfo = new IdInfo(666);

            // Perform a shallow copy of p1 and assign it to p2.
            Person p2 = p1.ShallCopy();
            // Make a deep copy of p1 and assign it to p3.
            Person p3 = p1.DeepCopy();

            // Display values of p1, p2 and p3.
            Console.WriteLine("Original values of p1, p2, p3:");
            Console.WriteLine("p1 instance values: ");
            DisplayValues(p1);
            Console.WriteLine("p2 instance values:");
            DisplayValues(p2);
            Console.WriteLine("p3 instance values:");
            DisplayValues(p3);

            {
                // Change the value of p1 properties and display the values of p1,
                // p2 and p3.
                p1.Age = 32;
                p1.BirthDate = Convert.ToDateTime("1900-01-01");
                p1.Name = "Frank";
                p1.IdInfo.IdNumber = 7878;
                Console.WriteLine("\nValues of p1, p2 and p3 after changes to p1:");
                Console.WriteLine("p1 instance values: ");
                DisplayValues(p1);
                Console.WriteLine("p2 instance values (reference values have changed):");
                DisplayValues(p2);
                Console.WriteLine("p3 instance values (everything was kept the same):");
                DisplayValues(p3);
            }

            Console.Read();
        }

        public static void DisplayValues(Person p)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("" +
                $"Id: {p.IdInfo.IdNumber}\n" +
                $"Name: {p.Name}\n" +
                $"Age: {p.Age}\n" +
                $"BirthDate: {p.BirthDate}\n");
        }
    }

 设计图

浅拷贝：是把p1里面的属性值全部进行拷贝，并在堆中创建一个新的对象p3，现在p1和p3没有关系，p1改变并不会影响p3，p3的改变也不会影响p1，两者互不影响。

深拷贝：是把p1里面的值类i型属性值进行拷贝，并在堆中创建一个新的对象p2，现在p1和p2中的引用类型存在关系，p1中的引用类型改变则会影响p2中的引用类型，p2中的引用类型改变也会影响p1，两者互相影响。

注意事项：这里的string是一个比较特殊的类型

具体可参考Microsoft官网：Object.MemberwiseClone 方法 (System) | Microsoft Docs创建当前 Object 的浅表副本。Creates a shallow copy of the current Object.https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/dotnet/api/system.object.memberwiseclone?view=net-6.0#code-try-1