centos mysql的安装-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/sumtre_w/article/details/129191608

本人的centos版本

[root@localhost etc]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)

在CentOS中默认安装有MariaDB，这个是MySQL的分支，但为了需要，还是要在系统中安装MySQL，而且安装完成之后可以直接覆盖掉MariaDB。

1 下载并安装MySQL官方的 Yum Repository

[root@localhost ~]# wget -i -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm

使用上面的命令就直接下载了安装用的Yum Repository，大概25KB的样子，然后就可以直接yum安装了。

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm

之后就开始安装MySQL服务器。

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql-community-server

这步可能会花些时间，安装完成后就会覆盖掉之前的mariadb。这一步会安装完成。

------安装过程中报错：安装Mysql失败：GPG密钥已安装，但是不适用于此软件包的问题

报错信息：

从 file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql 检索密钥
源 “MySQL 5.7 Community Server” 的 GPG 密钥已安装，但是不适用于此软件包。请检查源的公钥 URL 是否配置正确。
失败的软件包是：mysql-community-server-5.7.37-1.el7.x86_64
GPG 密钥配置为：file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
解决方案：

GPG验证不通过，我理解是本机配置的这个软件包对应的公钥不对，签名验证失败。（我也不知道这个公钥是在安装过程哪一步自动配置的）。我在mysql官网搜关键字GPG，找到了解决方案，大意是如果使用的4.1以上版本的rpm的话，除了import mysql的公钥到个人用户的配置中，还需要import mysql的公钥到RPM的配置中（此方案只适合mysql5.7）。

执行以下命令：

$> rpm --import https://repo.mysql.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql-2022

2 MySQL数据库设置

# 先查看下状态
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
#首先启动MySQL
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start  mysqld.service
#这次查看状态就是启动状态了
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status mysqld.service
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2023-02-23 08:50:57 EST; 21s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 3505 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MY                          SQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 3450 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 3508 (mysqld)
   Memory: 321.6M
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─3508 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
#此时MySQL已经开始正常运行，不过要想进入MySQL还得先找出此时root用户的密码，通过如下命令可以在日志文件中找出密码：(tp.aGL1puLLW 即临时密码)
[root@localhost ~]# grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log
2023-02-23T13:50:54.621894Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: tp.aGL1puLLW

#如下命令进入数据库(这里的password就是临时密码)：此时不能做任何事情，因为MySQL默认必须修改密码之后才能操作数据库：
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.41

Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
#密码要求大小写特殊符号
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '513026wj';
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '513026Wj';
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '513026Wj.';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

#开启mysql的远程访问
#执行以下命令开启远程访问限制（注意：下面命令开启的IP是 192.168.0.1，如要开启所有的，用%代替IP）：
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'password' with grant option;
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '513026Wj.' with grant option;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

#然后再输入下面两行命令：

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye

#为firewalld添加开放端口
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8080/tcp --permanent
success
#然后再重新载入
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
success

#更改mysql的语言，查看一下先
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.41 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> status
--------------
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.41, for Linux (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

Connection id:          4
Current database:
Current user:           root@localhost
SSL:                    Not in use
Current pager:          stdout
Using outfile:          ''
Using delimiter:        ;
Server version:         5.7.41 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version:       10
Connection:             Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:    latin1 #可以看到，此处不是utf-8
Db     characterset:    latin1 #可以看到，此处不是utf-8
Client characterset:    utf8
Conn.  characterset:    utf8
UNIX socket:            /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Uptime:                 12 min 21 sec

Threads: 1  Questions: 13  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 113  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 106  Queries per second avg: 0.017
--------------

#因此我们先退出mysql，然后再到、etc目录下的my.cnf文件下修改一下文件内容，进入文件后，新增四行代码：
mysql> exit
Bye

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

vim /etc/my.cnf
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
[client]
default-character-set=utf8

[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

#新增这几行配置
#[client]
#default-character-set=utf8
#[mysqld]
#character-set-server=utf8
#collation-server=utf8_general_ci

#保存更改后的my.cnf文件后，重启下mysql，然后输入status再次查看
[root@localhost etc]# service mysqld restart
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart mysqld.service

#进入mysql，执行status命令
[root@localhost etc]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.41 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> status
--------------
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.41, for Linux (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper

Connection id:          2
Current database:
Current user:           root@localhost
SSL:                    Not in use
Current pager:          stdout
Using outfile:          ''
Using delimiter:        ;
Server version:         5.7.41 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version:       10
Connection:             Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:    utf8
Db     characterset:    utf8
Client characterset:    utf8
Conn.  characterset:    utf8
UNIX socket:            /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Uptime:                 29 sec

Threads: 1  Questions: 5  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 106  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 99  Queries per second avg: 0.172
--------------

# 设置开机启动
[root@localhost local]# systemctl enable mysqld
[root@localhost local]# systemctl daemon-reload