作者：Solaris10的革命性功能之一 Solaris 10 N1 Grid Container
最近刚刚发布的 Solaris 10 操作系统，号称Sun公司的真正意义上的里程碑式操作系统，带
来了诸多突破性技术，如 Solaris Containers、动态跟踪 (DTrace)、预测性自我修复和ZFS动态
文件系统等。
比较感兴趣的是Solaris Container，也就是N1 Grid Container－－网格？！现在好像比较
流行这个，Oracle 10g 也是Grid的意思。。。。
这个Solaris Container号称可以让每个 Solaris 10 创建多达 8192 个的安全、无故障软件
分区，相对于SunFire 3800/4800/6800/4900/6900/12K/15K/25K的硬件分区好像更夸张一点，感觉
有点像PC上的VMware。IBM最近的P5系列也是，好像现在各大厂商都热衷于这个，叫什么server
virtualization
开始上手：
root@b1000:/# uname -a
SunOS b1000 5.10 s10_63 sun4u sparc SUNW,Sun-Blade-1000
刚装完的系统，只有一个global zone
root@b1000:/# zoneadm list -vc
ID NAME STATUS PATH
0 global running /
首先创建一个目录，用来存放新的soft zone的文件。
root@b1000:/# mkdir -p /zone/zone1
root@b1000:/# ls -ld /zone/zone1
drwxr-xr-x 2 root other 512 Dec 4 14:42 /zone/zone1
创建一个zone1的软分区：
root@b1000:/# zonecfg -z zone1
zone1: No such zone configured
Use 'create' to begin configuring a new zone.
zonecfg:zone1> create
zonecfg:zone1> set zonepath=/zone/zone1
zonecfg:zone1> set autoboot=true
zonecfg:zone1> add net
zonecfg:zone1:net> set address=192.168.0.101
zonecfg:zone1:net> set physical=eri0
zonecfg:zone1:net> end
zonecfg:zone1> info
zonepath: /zone/zone1
autoboot: true
pool:
inherit-pkg-dir:
dir: /lib
inherit-pkg-dir:
dir: /platform
inherit-pkg-dir:
dir: /sbin
inherit-pkg-dir:
dir: /usr
net:
address: 192.168.0.101
physical: eri0
zonecfg:zone1> verify
zonecfg:zone1> commit
zonecfg:zone1> ^D
root@b1000:/#
创建完成，查看zone1的信息：
root@b1000:/# zonecfg -z zone1 info
zonepath: /zone/zone1
autoboot: true
pool:
inherit-pkg-dir:
dir: /lib
inherit-pkg-dir:
dir: /platform
inherit-pkg-dir:
dir: /sbin
inherit-pkg-dir:
dir: /usr
net:
address: 192.168.0.101
physical: eri0
root@b1000:/# zoneadm list -vc
ID NAME STATUS PATH
0 global running /
- zone1 configured /zone/zone1
安装操作系统文件刚刚配置完成的zone1：
root@b1000:/# zoneadm -z zone1 install
/zone/zone1 must not be group readable.
/zone/zone1 must not be group executable.
/zone/zone1 must not be world readable.
/zone/zone1 must not be world executable.
could not verify zonepath /zone/zone1 because of the above errors.
zoneadm: zone zone1 failed to verify
root@b1000:/# ls -ld /zone/zone1
drwxr-xr-x 2 root other 512 Dec 4 14:42 /zone/zone1
root@b1000:/# chmod 0700 /zone/zone1
root@b1000:/# ls -ld /zone/zone1
drwx------ 2 root other 512 Dec 4 14:42 /zone/zone1
root@b1000:/# zoneadm -z zone1 install
Preparing to install zone .
Copying files to the zone.
Initializing zone product registry.
Determining zone package initialization order.
Preparing to initialize packages on the zone.
Initializing package of : percent complete: 5%
......
.....
...
这里大约需要二十分钟左右
Initialized packages on zone.
Zone is initialized.
Installation of these packages generated errors:
Installation of these packages generated warnings:
The file contains a log of the zone installation.
root@b1000:/# zoneadm list -vc
ID NAME STATUS PATH
0 global running /
- zone1 installed /zone/zone1
启动这个zone：
root@b1000:/# zoneadm -z zone1 boot
进入zone1的Console：
root@b1000:/# zlogin -C zone1
[Connected to zone 'zone1' console]
[NOTICE: Zone booting up]
SunOS Release 5.10 Version s10_63 64-bit
Copyright 1983-2004 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Use is subject to license terms.
Hostname: zone1
The system is coming up. Please wait.
Select a Language
0. English
1. Simplified Chinese
2. Traditional Chinese
Please make a choice (0 - 2), or press h or ? for help:
接下来的和平时安装系统一样，设置主机名，时区，域名解析方式等等，
System identification is completed.
rebooting system due to change(s) in /etc/default/init
[NOTICE: Zone rebooting]
SunOS Release 5.10 Version s10_63 64-bit
Copyright 1983-2004 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Use is subject to license terms.
Hostname: MyWeb
The system is coming up. Please wait.
starting rpc services: rpcbind done.
syslog service starting.
Dec 4 15:18:42 MyWeb sendmail[8940]: My unqualified host name (MyWeb) unknown; sleeping for retry
Dec 4 15:19:42 MyWeb sendmail[8940]: unable to qualify my own domain name (MyWeb) -- using short name
WARNING: local host name (MyWeb) is not qualified; see cf/README: WHO AM I?
/etc/mail/aliases: 12 aliases, longest 10 bytes, 138 bytes total
Dec 4 15:19:42 MyWeb sendmail[8941]: My unqualified host name (MyWeb) unknown; sleeping for retry
Dec 4 15:19:42 MyWeb sendmail[8942]: My unqualified host name (MyWeb) unknown; sleeping for retry
STSF Font Server Daemon.
Standard Type Services Framework 0.11.1
Copyright (c) 2001-2004 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
STSF is Open Source Software. http://stsf.freedesktop.org
Creating new rsa public/private host key pair
Creating new dsa public/private host key pair
The system is ready.
哈哈，完成啦。。。。。。。。
虚拟的主机MyWeb启动成功，登陆。。。。。
MyWeb console login: root
Password:
Dec 4 15:21:53 MyWeb login: ROOT LOGIN /dev/console
Sun Microsystems Inc. SunOS 5.10 s10_63 May 2004
# df -k
Filesystem kbytes used avail capacity Mounted on
/ 10080200 2702923 7276475 28% /
/dev 10080200 2702923 7276475 28% /dev
/lib 10080200 2702923 7276475 28% /lib
/platform 10080200 2702923 7276475 28% /platform
/sbin 10080200 2702923 7276475 28% /sbin
/usr 10080200 2702923 7276475 28% /usr
proc 0 0 0 0% /proc
mnttab 0 0 0 0% /etc/mnttab
fd 0 0 0 0% /dev/fd
swap 2737048 48 2737000 1% /var/run
swap 2737000 0 2737000 0% /tmp
# ifconfig -a
lo0:1: flags=1000849 mtu 8232 index 1
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask ff000000
eri0:1: flags=1000843 mtu 1500 index 2
inet 192.168.0.101 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.0.255
# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 9054 8810 0 15:20:20 ? 0:00 /usr/lib/saf/sac -t 300
root 8906 8802 0 15:18:39 ? 0:00 /usr/sbin/nscd
root 8802 8802 0 15:18:27 ? 0:00 zsched
root 9055 8810 0 15:20:20 console 0:00 -sh
root 8810 8802 0 15:18:38 ? 0:00 init
root 8899 8802 0 15:18:39 ? 0:00 /usr/lib/autofs/automountd
daemon 8833 8802 0 15:18:39 ? 0:00 /usr/lib/crypto/kcfd
root 8895 8802 0 15:18:39 ? 0:00 /usr/sbin/syslogd
daemon 8858 8802 0 15:18:39 ? 0:00 /usr/sbin/rpcbind
root 8904 8802 0 15:18:39 ? 0:00 /usr/sbin/cron
root 8911 8802 0 15:18:40 ? 0:00 /usr/sbin/inetd -s
root 8967 8963 0 15:19:43 ? 0:00 /usr/sadm/lib/smc/bin/smcboot
root 8964 8963 0 15:19:43 ? 0:00 /usr/sadm/lib/smc/bin/smcboot
root 8949 8802 0 15:19:43 ? 0:00 /usr/lib/utmpd
root 8965 8802 0 15:19:43 ? 0:00 /usr/lib/im/htt -port 9010 -s
yslog -message_locale C
root 8963 8802 0 15:19:43 ? 0:00 /usr/sadm/lib/smc/bin/smcboot
root 8966 8965 0 15:19:43 ? 0:00 htt_server -port 9010 -syslog
-message_locale C
root 9030 8802 0 15:19:45 ? 0:00 /usr/lib/dmi/snmpXdmid -s MyW
eb
root 9058 8802 0 15:20:20 ? 0:00 /usr/lib/ssh/sshd
root 9057 9054 0 15:20:20 ? 0:00 /usr/lib/saf/ttymon
daemon 8974 8802 0 15:19:44 ? 0:02 /usr/lib/ST/stfontserverd
root 9028 8802 0 15:19:45 ? 0:00 /usr/lib/dmi/dmispd
root 9059 8802 0 15:20:43 ? 0:00 /usr/lib/sendmail -bd -q15m
root 9022 8802 0 15:19:45 ? 0:00 /usr/lib/snmp/snmpdx -y -c /e
tc/snmp/conf
root 8999 8802 0 15:19:44 ? 0:00 /usr/dt/bin/dtlogin -daemon
root 9042 8802 0 15:19:46 ? 0:00 /usr/sfw/sbin/snmpd
smmsp 9060 8802 0 15:20:43 ? 0:00 /usr/lib/sendmail -Ac -q15m
root 9069 9055 0 15:22:47 console 0:00 ps -ef
不用的Sendmail停掉
# mv /etc/rc2.d/S88sendmail /etc/rc2.d/s88sendmail
# /etc/init.d/sendmail stop
# prtdiag -v
prtdiag can only be run in the global zone
哦，prtdiag不能在zone里用
prtconf有信息出来：
# prtconf
System Configuration: Sun Microsystems sun4u
Memory size: 1024 Megabytes
System Peripherals (Software Nodes):
prtconf: devinfo facility not available
# exit
按 ~ 然后按 . 退出zone1的Console，回到global zone，也就是真正的B1000
MyWeb console login: ~.
[Connection to zone 'zone1' console closed]
root@b1000:/#
root@b1000:/#
root@b1000:/# zoneadm list -vc
ID NAME STATUS PATH
0 global running /
1 zone1 running /zone/zone1
root@b1000:/# telnet 192.168.0.101
Trying 192.168.0.101...
Connected to 192.168.0.101.
Escape character is '^]'.
login: root
Password:
Not on system console
Connection to 192.168.0.101 closed by foreign host.
忘改/etc/default/login了。。。。。。。。。。。
总结：
1. 提高了系统的利用率，可以一个当N个使唤
2. 应用系统可以跑在互不干扰的动态系统域里
3. 完全可以把一个zone的root密码告诉别人，用来练手不错，整瘫了大不了
zoneadm -z zone1 uninstall再zoneadm -z zone1 install就ok了
4. 应该还有许多好玩的功能待发掘。。。。
参考资料：
http://www.sun.com/bigadmin/content/zones/
最近刚刚发布的 Solaris 10 操作系统，号称Sun公司的真正意义上的里程碑式操作系统，带
来了诸多突破性技术，如 Solaris Containers、动态跟踪 (DTrace)、预测性自我修复和ZFS动态
文件系统等。
比较感兴趣的是Solaris Container，也就是N1 Grid Container－－网格？！现在好像比较
流行这个，Oracle 10g 也是Grid的意思。。。。
这个Solaris Container号称可以让每个 Solaris 10 创建多达 8192 个的安全、无故障软件
分区，相对于SunFire 3800/4800/6800/4900/6900/12K/15K/25K的硬件分区好像更夸张一点，感觉
有点像PC上的VMware。IBM最近的P5系列也是，好像现在各大厂商都热衷于这个，叫什么server
virtualization
开始上手：
root@b1000:/# uname -a
SunOS b1000 5.10 s10_63 sun4u sparc SUNW,Sun-Blade-1000
刚装完的系统，只有一个global zone
root@b1000:/# zoneadm list -vc
ID NAME STATUS PATH
0 global running /
首先创建一个目录，用来存放新的soft zone的文件。
root@b1000:/# mkdir -p /zone/zone1
root@b1000:/# ls -ld /zone/zone1
drwxr-xr-x 2 root other 512 Dec 4 14:42 /zone/zone1
创建一个zone1的软分区：
root@b1000:/# zonecfg -z zone1
zone1: No such zone configured
Use 'create' to begin configuring a new zone.
zonecfg:zone1> create
zonecfg:zone1> set zonepath=/zone/zone1
zonecfg:zone1> set autoboot=true
zonecfg:zone1> add net
zonecfg:zone1:net> set address=192.168.0.101
zonecfg:zone1:net> set physical=eri0
zonecfg:zone1:net> end
zonecfg:zone1> info
zonepath: /zone/zone1
autoboot: true
pool:
inherit-pkg-dir:
dir: /lib
inherit-pkg-dir:
dir: /platform
inherit-pkg-dir:
dir: /sbin
inherit-pkg-dir:
dir: /usr
net:
address: 192.168.0.101
physical: eri0
zonecfg:zone1> verify
zonecfg:zone1> commit
zonecfg:zone1> ^D
root@b1000:/#
创建完成，查看zone1的信息：
root@b1000:/# zonecfg -z zone1 info
zonepath: /zone/zone1
autoboot: true
pool:
inherit-pkg-dir:
dir: /lib
inherit-pkg-dir:
dir: /platform
inherit-pkg-dir:
dir: /sbin
inherit-pkg-dir:
dir: /usr
net:
address: 192.168.0.101
physical: eri0
root@b1000:/# zoneadm list -vc
ID NAME STATUS PATH
0 global running /
- zone1 configured /zone/zone1
安装操作系统文件刚刚配置完成的zone1：
root@b1000:/# zoneadm -z zone1 install
/zone/zone1 must not be group readable.
/zone/zone1 must not be group executable.
/zone/zone1 must not be world readable.
/zone/zone1 must not be world executable.
could not verify zonepath /zone/zone1 because of the above errors.
zoneadm: zone zone1 failed to verify
root@b1000:/# ls -ld /zone/zone1
drwxr-xr-x 2 root other 512 Dec 4 14:42 /zone/zone1
root@b1000:/# chmod 0700 /zone/zone1
root@b1000:/# ls -ld /zone/zone1
drwx------ 2 root other 512 Dec 4 14:42 /zone/zone1
root@b1000:/# zoneadm -z zone1 install
Preparing to install zone .
Copying files to the zone.
Initializing zone product registry.
Determining zone package initialization order.
Preparing to initialize packages on the zone.
Initializing package of : percent complete: 5%
......
.....
...
这里大约需要二十分钟左右
Initialized packages on zone.
Zone is initialized.
Installation of these packages generated errors:
Installation of these packages generated warnings:
The file contains a log of the zone installation.
root@b1000:/# zoneadm list -vc
ID NAME STATUS PATH
0 global running /
- zone1 installed /zone/zone1
启动这个zone：
root@b1000:/# zoneadm -z zone1 boot
进入zone1的Console：
root@b1000:/# zlogin -C zone1
[Connected to zone 'zone1' console]
[NOTICE: Zone booting up]
SunOS Release 5.10 Version s10_63 64-bit
Copyright 1983-2004 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Use is subject to license terms.
Hostname: zone1
The system is coming up. Please wait.
Select a Language
0. English
1. Simplified Chinese
2. Traditional Chinese
Please make a choice (0 - 2), or press h or ? for help:
接下来的和平时安装系统一样，设置主机名，时区，域名解析方式等等，
System identification is completed.
rebooting system due to change(s) in /etc/default/init
[NOTICE: Zone rebooting]
SunOS Release 5.10 Version s10_63 64-bit
Copyright 1983-2004 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Use is subject to license terms.
Hostname: MyWeb
The system is coming up. Please wait.
starting rpc services: rpcbind done.
syslog service starting.
Dec 4 15:18:42 MyWeb sendmail[8940]: My unqualified host name (MyWeb) unknown; sleeping for retry
Dec 4 15:19:42 MyWeb sendmail[8940]: unable to qualify my own domain name (MyWeb) -- using short name
WARNING: local host name (MyWeb) is not qualified; see cf/README: WHO AM I?
/etc/mail/aliases: 12 aliases, longest 10 bytes, 138 bytes total
Dec 4 15:19:42 MyWeb sendmail[8941]: My unqualified host name (MyWeb) unknown; sleeping for retry
Dec 4 15:19:42 MyWeb sendmail[8942]: My unqualified host name (MyWeb) unknown; sleeping for retry
STSF Font Server Daemon.
Standard Type Services Framework 0.11.1
Copyright (c) 2001-2004 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
STSF is Open Source Software. http://stsf.freedesktop.org
Creating new rsa public/private host key pair
Creating new dsa public/private host key pair
The system is ready.
哈哈，完成啦。。。。。。。。
虚拟的主机MyWeb启动成功，登陆。。。。。
MyWeb console login: root
Password:
Dec 4 15:21:53 MyWeb login: ROOT LOGIN /dev/console
Sun Microsystems Inc. SunOS 5.10 s10_63 May 2004
# df -k
Filesystem kbytes used avail capacity Mounted on
/ 10080200 2702923 7276475 28% /
/dev 10080200 2702923 7276475 28% /dev
/lib 10080200 2702923 7276475 28% /lib
/platform 10080200 2702923 7276475 28% /platform
/sbin 10080200 2702923 7276475 28% /sbin
/usr 10080200 2702923 7276475 28% /usr
proc 0 0 0 0% /proc
mnttab 0 0 0 0% /etc/mnttab
fd 0 0 0 0% /dev/fd
swap 2737048 48 2737000 1% /var/run
swap 2737000 0 2737000 0% /tmp
# ifconfig -a
lo0:1: flags=1000849 mtu 8232 index 1
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask ff000000
eri0:1: flags=1000843 mtu 1500 index 2
inet 192.168.0.101 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.0.255
# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 9054 8810 0 15:20:20 ? 0:00 /usr/lib/saf/sac -t 300
root 8906 8802 0 15:18:39 ? 0:00 /usr/sbin/nscd
root 8802 8802 0 15:18:27 ? 0:00 zsched
root 9055 8810 0 15:20:20 console 0:00 -sh
root 8810 8802 0 15:18:38 ? 0:00 init
root 8899 8802 0 15:18:39 ? 0:00 /usr/lib/autofs/automountd
daemon 8833 8802 0 15:18:39 ? 0:00 /usr/lib/crypto/kcfd
root 8895 8802 0 15:18:39 ? 0:00 /usr/sbin/syslogd
daemon 8858 8802 0 15:18:39 ? 0:00 /usr/sbin/rpcbind
root 8904 8802 0 15:18:39 ? 0:00 /usr/sbin/cron
root 8911 8802 0 15:18:40 ? 0:00 /usr/sbin/inetd -s
root 8967 8963 0 15:19:43 ? 0:00 /usr/sadm/lib/smc/bin/smcboot
root 8964 8963 0 15:19:43 ? 0:00 /usr/sadm/lib/smc/bin/smcboot
root 8949 8802 0 15:19:43 ? 0:00 /usr/lib/utmpd
root 8965 8802 0 15:19:43 ? 0:00 /usr/lib/im/htt -port 9010 -s
yslog -message_locale C
root 8963 8802 0 15:19:43 ? 0:00 /usr/sadm/lib/smc/bin/smcboot
root 8966 8965 0 15:19:43 ? 0:00 htt_server -port 9010 -syslog
-message_locale C
root 9030 8802 0 15:19:45 ? 0:00 /usr/lib/dmi/snmpXdmid -s MyW
eb
root 9058 8802 0 15:20:20 ? 0:00 /usr/lib/ssh/sshd
root 9057 9054 0 15:20:20 ? 0:00 /usr/lib/saf/ttymon
daemon 8974 8802 0 15:19:44 ? 0:02 /usr/lib/ST/stfontserverd
root 9028 8802 0 15:19:45 ? 0:00 /usr/lib/dmi/dmispd
root 9059 8802 0 15:20:43 ? 0:00 /usr/lib/sendmail -bd -q15m
root 9022 8802 0 15:19:45 ? 0:00 /usr/lib/snmp/snmpdx -y -c /e
tc/snmp/conf
root 8999 8802 0 15:19:44 ? 0:00 /usr/dt/bin/dtlogin -daemon
root 9042 8802 0 15:19:46 ? 0:00 /usr/sfw/sbin/snmpd
smmsp 9060 8802 0 15:20:43 ? 0:00 /usr/lib/sendmail -Ac -q15m
root 9069 9055 0 15:22:47 console 0:00 ps -ef
不用的Sendmail停掉
# mv /etc/rc2.d/S88sendmail /etc/rc2.d/s88sendmail
# /etc/init.d/sendmail stop
# prtdiag -v
prtdiag can only be run in the global zone
哦，prtdiag不能在zone里用
prtconf有信息出来：
# prtconf
System Configuration: Sun Microsystems sun4u
Memory size: 1024 Megabytes
System Peripherals (Software Nodes):
prtconf: devinfo facility not available
# exit
按 ~ 然后按 . 退出zone1的Console，回到global zone，也就是真正的B1000
MyWeb console login: ~.
[Connection to zone 'zone1' console closed]
root@b1000:/#
root@b1000:/#
root@b1000:/# zoneadm list -vc
ID NAME STATUS PATH
0 global running /
1 zone1 running /zone/zone1
root@b1000:/# telnet 192.168.0.101
Trying 192.168.0.101...
Connected to 192.168.0.101.
Escape character is '^]'.
login: root
Password:
Not on system console
Connection to 192.168.0.101 closed by foreign host.
忘改/etc/default/login了。。。。。。。。。。。
总结：
1. 提高了系统的利用率，可以一个当N个使唤
2. 应用系统可以跑在互不干扰的动态系统域里
3. 完全可以把一个zone的root密码告诉别人，用来练手不错，整瘫了大不了
zoneadm -z zone1 uninstall再zoneadm -z zone1 install就ok了
4. 应该还有许多好玩的功能待发掘。。。。
参考资料：
http://www.sun.com/bigadmin/content/zones/
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