ORACLE 日常维护命令手册

这是一份详细的ORACLE数据库日常维护命令手册,包括查看数据库版本、语言环境、实例状态、监听状态,以及各种操作如查看归档模式、回收站管理、闪回操作、会话和锁的检查、数据文件和表空间状态、性能优化等关键任务的执行方法。
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ORACLE 日常维护命令手册

查看数据库版本

SELECT * FROM V$VERSION;

查看数据库语言环境

SELECT USERENV('LANGUAGE') FROM DUAL;

查看ORACLE实例状态

SELECT INSTANCE_NAME,HOST_NAME,STARTUP_TIME,STATUS,DATABASE_STATUS 
FROM V$INSTANCE;

查看ORACLE监听状态

lsnrctl status

查看数据库归档模式

SELECT NAME,LOG_MODE,OPEN_MODE FROM V$DATABASE;

查看回收站中对象

SELECT OBJECT_NAME,ORIGINAL_NAME,TYPE FROM RECYCLEBIN;

清空回收站中对象

PURGE RECYCLEBIN;

还原回收站中的对象

FLASHBACK TABLE "BIN$GOZUQZ6GS222JZDCCTFLHQ==$0" TO BEFORE DROP RENAME TO TEST;

闪回误删除的表

FLASHBACK TABLE AAA TO BEFORE DROP;

闪回表中记录到某一时间点

ALTER TABLE TEST ENABLE ROW MOVEMENT;
FLASHBACK TABLE TEST TO TIMESTAMP TO_TIMESTAMP('2009-10-15 21:17:47','YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS');

查看当前会话

SELECT SID,SERIAL#,USERNAME,PROGRAM,MACHINE,STATUS FROM V$SESSION;

查看DDL锁

SELECT *
  FROM DBA_DDL_LOCKS
 WHERE OWNER = 'FWYANG';

检查等待事件

SELECT SID, A.USERNAME, EVENT, WAIT_CLASS, T1.SQL_TEXT
  FROM V$SESSION A, V$SQLAREA T1
 WHERE WAIT_CLASS <> 'Idle'
   AND A.SQL_ID = T1.SQL_ID;

检查数据文件状态

SELECT FILE_NAME,STATUS FROM DBA_DATA_FILES;

检查表空间使用情况

SELECT UPPER(F.TABLESPACE_NAME) "表空间名", 
  D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB "表空间大小(M)", 
   D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES "已使用空间(M)", 
  TO_CHAR(ROUND((D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES) / D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB * 100, 2), 
  '990.99') "使用比", 
  F.TOTAL_BYTES "空闲空间(M)", 
  F.MAX_BYTES "最大块(M)" 
  FROM (SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME, 
  ROUND(SUM(BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) TOTAL_BYTES, 
  ROUND(MAX(BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2<
检查数据库基本状况........................................................................................................ 4 1.1. 检查 ORACLE 实例状态.............................................................................................. 4 1.2. 检查 ORACLE 服务进程.............................................................................................. 4 1.3. 检查 ORACLE 监听状态.............................................................................................. 5 2. 检查系统和 ORACLE 日志文件..................................................................................... 6 2.1. 检查操作系统日志文件............................................................................................. 6 2.2. 检查 ORACLE 日志文件.............................................................................................. 6 2.3. 检查 ORACLE 核心转储目录...................................................................................... 7 2.4. 检查 ROOT 用户和 ORACLE 用户的 EMAIL............................................................... 7 3. 检查 ORACLE 对象状态................................................................................................. 7 3.1. 检查 ORACLE 控制文件状态...................................................................................... 7 3.2. 检查 ORACLE 在线日志状态...................................................................................... 8 3.3. 检查 ORACLE 表空间的状态...................................................................................... 8 3.4. 检查 ORACLE 所有数据文件状态.............................................................................. 8 3.5. 检查无效对象............................................................................................................. 9 3.6. 检查所有回滚段状态............................................................................................... 10 4. 检查 ORACLE 相关资源的使用情况........................................................................... 10 4.1. 检查 ORACLE 初始化文件中相关参数值................................................................ 10 4.2. 检查数据库连接情况............................................................................................... 11 4.3. 检查系统磁盘空间................................................................................................... 12 4.4. 检查表空间使用情况............................................................................................... 12 4.5. 检查一些扩展异常的对象....................................................................................... 13 4.6. 检查 SYSTEM 表空间内的内容................................................................................. 14 4.7. 检查对象的下一扩展与表空间的最大扩展值....................................................... 14 5. 检查 ORACLE 数据库备份结果................................................................................... 14 5.1. 检查数据库备份日志信息....................................................................................... 15 5.2. 检查 BACKUP 卷中文件产生的时间........................................................................ 15 5.3. 检查 ORACLE 用户的 EMAIL..................................................................................... 15 6. 检查 ORACLE 数据库性能........................................................................................... 15 6.1. 检查数据库的等待事件........................................................................................... 15 6.2. DISK READ 最高的 SQL 语句的获取...................................................................... 15 6.3. 查找前十条性能差的 SQL........................................................................................ 16 6.4. 等待时间最多的 5 个系统等待事件的获取........................................................... 16 6.5. 检查运行很久的 SQL.............................................................................................. 16 6.6. 检查消耗 CPU 最高的进程..................................................................................... 16 6.7. 检查碎片程度高的表............................................................................................... 17 6.8. 检查表空间的 I/O 比例......................................................................................... 17 6.9. 检查文件系统的 I/O 比例..................................................................................... 176.10. 检查死锁及处理................................................................................................... 17 6.11. 检查数据库 CPU、 I/O、内存性能...................................................................... 18 6.12. 查看是否有僵死进程........................................................................................... 19 6.13. 检查行链接/迁移.................................................................................................. 19 6.14. 定期做统计分析................................................................................................... 19 6.15. 检查缓冲区命中率............................................................................................... 20 6.16. 检查共享池命中率............................................................................................... 20 6.17. 检查排序区........................................................................................................... 20 6.18. 检查日志缓冲区................................................................................................... 21 7. 检查数据库安全性.......................................................................................................... 21 7.1. 检查系统安全日志信息........................................................................................... 21 7.2. 检查用户修改密码................................................................................................... 21 8. 其他检查.......................................................................................................................... 22 8.1. 检查当前 CRONTAB 任务是否正常.......................................................................... 22 8.2. ORACLE JOB 是否有失败.......................................................................................... 22 8.3. 监控数据量的增长情况........................................................................................... 22 8.4. 检查失效的索引....................................................................................................... 23 8.5. 检查不起作用的约束............................................................................................... 23 8.6. 检查无效的 TRIGGER............................
oracle rac日常基本维护命令 所有实例和服务的状态 $ srvctl status database -d orcl Instance orcl1 is running on node linux1 Instance orcl2 is running on node linux2 单个实例的状态 $ srvctl status instance -d orcl -i orcl2 Instance orcl2 is running on node linux2 在数据库全局命名服务的状态 $ srvctl status service -d orcl -s orcltest Service orcltest is running on instance(s) orcl2, orcl1 特定节点上节点应用程序的状态 $ srvctl status nodeapps -n linux1 VIP is running on node: linux1 GSD is running on node: linux1 Listener is running on node: linux1 ONS daemon is running on node: linux1 ASM 实例的状态 $ srvctl status asm -n linux1 ASM instance +ASM1 is running on node linux1. 列出配置的所有数据库 $ srvctl config database orcl 显示 RAC 数据库的配置 $ srvctl config database -d orcl linux1 orcl1 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1 linux2 orcl2 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1 显示指定集群数据库的所有服务 $ srvctl config service -d orcl orcltest PREF: orcl2 orcl1 AVAIL: 显示节点应用程序的配置 —(VIP、GSD、ONS、监听器) $ srvctl config nodeapps -n linux1 -a -g -s -l VIP exists.: /linux1-vip/192.168.1.200/255.255.255.0/eth0:eth1 GSD exists. ONS daemon exists. Listener exists. 显示 ASM 实例的配置 $ srvctl config asm -n linux1 +ASM1 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1 集群中所有正在运行的实例 SELECT inst_id , instance_number inst_no , instance_name inst_name , parallel , status , database_status db_status , active_state state , host_name host FROM gv$instance ORDER BY inst_id; INST_ID INST_NO INST_NAME PAR STATUS DB_STATUS STATE HOST -------- -------- ---------- --- ------- ------------ --------- ------- 1 1 orcl1 YES OPEN ACTIVE NORMAL rac1 2 2 orcl2 YES OPEN ACTIVE NORMAL rac2 位于磁盘组中的所有数据文件 select name from v$datafile union select member from v$logfile union select name from v$controlfile union select name from v$tempfile; NAME ------------------------------------------- +FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA/orcl/controlfile/current.258.570913191 +FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA/orcl/onlinelog/group_1.257.570913201 +FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA/orcl/onlinelog/group_2.256.570913211 +FLAS
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