面向对象-2-封装、身份运算符、私有属性和方法

做一个案例

名词是属性： 名字 体重
动词是方法： 吃 跑步

class Person:

    def __init__(self,name,weight):
        self.name = name
        self.weight = weight

    def __str__(self):
        return('我是%s，体重%.2f公斤' % (self.name,self.weight))

    def run(self):
        pass

    def eat(self):
        pass

xiaoming = Person('小明',75.0)

xiaoming.eat()
xiaoming.run()

print(xiaoming)

接着补充。

class Person:

    def __init__(self,name,weight):
        self.name = name
        self.weight = weight


    def __str__(self):
        return('我是%s，体重%.2f公斤' % (self.name,self.weight))


    def run(self):
        print('我爱跑步')
        self.weight -= 0.5


    def eat(self):
        print('我是吃货')
        self.weight += 1

xiaoming = Person('小明',75.0)

xiaoming.eat()
xiaoming.run()

print(xiaoming)

原始体重 75.0，跑一次步， 吃一次饭，体重为75.5

class Person:

    def __init__(self,name,weight):
        self.name = name
        self.weight = weight


    def __str__(self):
        return('我是%s，体重%.2f公斤' % (self.name,self.weight))


    def run(self):
        print('%s 爱跑步' % self.name)
        self.weight -= 0.5


    def eat(self):
        print('%s 是吃货' % self.name)
        self.weight += 1

xiaoming = Person('小明',75.0)
xiaoming.eat()
xiaoming.run()
print(xiaoming)

xiaomei = Person('小美',50)
xiaomei.run()
xiaomei.eat()
print(xiaomei)

再做一个案例：

class HouseItem:

    def __init__(self, name, area):

        self.name = name
        self.area = area

    def __str__(self):

        return('[ %s ] 占地 %.2f 平方' % (self.name, self.area))


class House:

    def __init__(self, house_style, area):

        self.house_style = house_style
        self.area = area
        self.free_area = area
        self.item_list = []

    def __str__(self):

        return('户型： %s\n总面积： %.2f\n剩余面积： %.2f\n家具名称列表： %s'
               % (self.house_style,self.area,self.free_area,self.item_list))

    def add_item(self, item):

        print('要添加 %s' % item)

        if item.area >  self.free_area:
            print('%s 的面积太大了，摆放不开' % item.name)
            return
        else:
            self.item_list.append(item.name)
            self.free_area -= item.area


# 创建家具对象
bed = HouseItem('席梦思', 46)
chest = HouseItem('衣柜',20)
table = HouseItem('餐桌', 15)

# print(bed)
# print(chest)
# print(table)

# 创建家对象
my_house = House('两室一厅', 80)

my_house.add_item(bed)
my_house.add_item(chest)
my_house.add_item(table)

print(my_house)

再做一个案例：

class Gun:

    def __init__(self, modle):

        self.modle = modle
        self.bullet_count = 0

    def add_bullet(self, count):

        self.bullet_count += count

    def shoot(self):

        if self.bullet_count <= 0:

            print('%s 没有子弹了' % self.modle)
            return

        else:

            self.bullet_count -= 1
            print('%s突突突，还有%d颗子弹。' % (self.modle, self.bullet_count) )

ak47 = Gun('ak47')

ak47.shoot()
ak47.add_bullet(10)
ak47.shoot()
ak47.shoot()

class Gun:

    def __init__(self, modle):

        self.modle = modle
        self.bullet_count = 0

    def add_bullet(self, count):

        self.bullet_count += count

    def shoot(self):

        if self.bullet_count <= 0:

            print('%s 没有子弹了' % self.modle)
            return

        else:

            self.bullet_count -= 1
            print('%s 突突突，还有 %d 颗子弹。' % (self.modle, self.bullet_count) )

class Soldier:

    def __init__(self, name):

        self.name = name
        self.gun = None

    def fire(self):

        # 判断是否有枪
        if self.gun == None:

            print('%s 还没有枪。' % self.name)

            return

        # 喊口号

        print('%s 冲啊！！！' % self.name)

        # 装子弹
        if self.gun.bullet_count <= 0:

            self.gun.add_bullet(10)

        # 发射子弹
        self.gun.shoot()


ak47 = Gun('ak47')

xusanduo = Soldier('许三多')

xusanduo.gun = ak47

xusanduo.fire()
xusanduo.fire()
xusanduo.fire()

所以这里建议使用 is 。

class Women:

    def __init__(self, name, age):

        self.name = name
        self.__age = age

    def secret(self):

        print('%s 的年龄是 %d 。 ' % (self.name, self.__age))

xiaomei = Women('小美',18)

print(xiaomei.__age)

xiaomei.secret()

私有属性 __age 在外部不能访问。

class Women:

    def __init__(self, name, age):

        self.name = name
        self.__age = age

    def secret(self):

        print('%s 的年龄是 %d 。 ' % (self.name, self.__age))

xiaomei = Women('小美',18)

xiaomei.secret()

私有属性 __age 在内部能访问。

class Women:

    def __init__(self, name, age):

        self.name = name
        self.__age = age

    def __secret(self):

        print('%s 的年龄是 %d 。 ' % (self.name, self.__age))

xiaomei = Women('小美',18)

xiaomei.__secret()

私有方法 __secret 在外部不能调用。

class Women:

    def __init__(self, name, age):

        self.name = name
        self.__age = age

    def __secret(self):

        print('%s 的年龄是 %d 。 ' % (self.name, self.__age))

xiaomei = Women('小美',18)
print(xiaomei._Women__age)
xiaomei._Women__secret()