一个tc流控的问题

最近在使用tc进行流量控制时遇到了一个问题，如下所示：

root@localhost:~# tc qdisc add dev eth0 root tbf rate 2000kbit latency 20ms buffer 1540
RTNETLINK answers: No such file or directory
    不知道如何解决；在网上搜索，有的说是要加上sch_netem模块，有的说要加上cls_u32模块；于是把这sch_netem编进内核，测试发现没有有改善；编译cls_u32时，发生编译错误！

     又在网上搜索，发现http://svana.org/kleptog/Packet-Shaping-HOWTO.txt这个连接不错，上面说：

'tc' can be a fairly hard to use program. The user space generally does a 
  little bit of syntax checking and then sends it to the kernel. The kernel
  sends only a single integer back indicating success or failure. So unless you
  made a spelling mistake, your errors will generally be of the form:

  RTNETLINK answers: No such file or directory
  RTNETLINK answers: File exists
  RTNETLINK answers: Invalid argument

  The first generally means you referenced a handle that does not exist. The second
  generally means to tried to add something where the handle was already in use.
  The last is the catch-all error that generally means "Something went wrong".
  There is usually no indication of what and generally only much re-reading of
  help and trial-and-error will help you here. Part of the reason for writing
  this document is to save you such agony.

这里面的 The first generally means you referenced a handle that does not exist.当时也没有让我产生什么想法；

在编辑sched的makefile时忽然发现了下面这样

  obj-$(CONFIG_NET_SCH_TBF)      += sch_tbf.o

马上联系联想到了tc命令行中的 tbf，于是将上面一行改为

  obj-y     += sch_tbf.o

编译后，更新到设备，再次测试，发现tc命令执行成功！

这时又想起前面连接中的那句话：

 The first generally means you referenced a handle that does not exist.

到这里才恍然大悟，执行：tc qdisc add dev rmnet0 root tbf rate 2000kbit latency 20ms buffer 1540
报错：RTNETLINK answers: No such file or directory

的原因是tbf模块模块没有加载，就这么简单；tc返回的错误提示过于简单，其实完全可以提示tbf为找到。

所以以后在排查问题时，要把输入的参数和输出的错误信息结合起来，单靠出错信息是不够的；