C/C++混合编译 - C调用C++

C++调用C比较简单，直接在C++中extern c声明要调用的函数即可。

C调用C++的话，如果C++的代码是可以修改的，那么可以在C++代码里面新写一个wrapper function, 这个函数声明为extern c, 并且在这个函数的定义里面调用C++的函数。这样C++通过g++编译以后，这个wrapper function不会被name mangling.

但是如果被调用的C++是不能够被修改的，比如C调用C++的库函数，那么可以采用下面的方式：

https://www.teddy.ch/c++_library_in_c/

 

Tutorial: HowTo integrate a C++ library/class into a C programm

Emagine the situation: You have written a program in C and now you have the requirement to integrate an existing third parity C++ library into your program.

The C++ Library

The only thing you have is the class definition in the header file of the library:

MyClass.h

#ifndef __MYCLASS_H #define __MYCLASS_H class MyClass { private: int m_i; public: void int_set(int i); int int_get(); }; #endif

It is a simple class with only one member variable m_i and one setter and one getter method.

Perhaps you don't have the source code of the library, perhaps you only have a compiled version. To be able to reproduce the example here is the source of the class:

MyClass.cc

#include "MyClass.h" void MyClass::int_set(int i) { m_i = i; } int MyClass::int_get() { return m_i; }

To compile the class with GNU C++ comiler simply type:

g++ -c MyClass.cc -o MyClass.o

This gives you the object file that can be linked into your programm. In this place I won't explain how to create a complete library.

The C++ way

Just for comparison here a simple C++ program that uses our new class:

MyMain_c++.cc

#include "MyClass.h" #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { MyClass *c = new MyClass(); c->int_set(3); cout << c->int_get() << endl; delete c; }

This program can be compiled with:

g++ -c MyMain_c++.cc -o MyMain_c++.o

And linked with:

g++ MyMain_c++.o MyClass.o -o MyMain_c++

Start the C++ program with:

./MyMain_c++

The Problem

If we want to access a C++ library from C code we have two problems that we have to solve:

• The name mangling of C is differnt to C++.
• C doesn't know classes.

The C-Wrapper

To solve these problems we have to write a C-wrapper around our C++ class. Our wrapper header file will be readable by the C and the C++ compiler.

MyWrapper.h

#ifndef __MYWRAPPER_H #define __MYWRAPPER_H #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" { #endif typedef struct MyClass MyClass; MyClass* newMyClass(); void MyClass_int_set(MyClass* v, int i); int MyClass_int_get(MyClass* v); void deleteMyClass(MyClass* v); #ifdef __cplusplus } #endif #endif

The extern "C" {} statement tells the C++ compiler to use the C style name mangling so a C compiler will find the correct symbols in the object file later. The #ifdef __cplusplus contition is because the C compiler does not know the keyword extern.

For the C compiler we define a dummy class handler with typedef struct MyClass MyClass.

And then the constructor, method and destructor wrappers.

The following file is the wrapper code, written in C++, but with one important thing: it is defined as extern "C"!

MyWrapper.cc

#include "MyClass.h" #include "MyWrapper.h" extern "C" { MyClass* newMyClass() { return new MyClass(); } void MyClass_int_set(MyClass* v, int i) { v->int_set(i); } int MyClass_int_get(MyClass* v) { return v->int_get(); } void deleteMyClass(MyClass* v) { delete v; } }

To compile the wrapper with GNU C++ comiler simply type:

g++ -c MyWrapper.cc -o MyWrapper.o

The C Program

Now we are ready to use the C++ class in our C code:

MyMain_c.c

#include "MyWrapper.h" #include <stdio.h> int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { struct MyClass* c = newMyClass(); MyClass_int_set(c, 3); printf("%i\n", MyClass_int_get(c)); deleteMyClass(c); }

This program can be compiled with the C compiler:

gcc -c MyMain_c.c -o MyMain_c.o

Note that the linking has to be done with the C++ comiler, a C linker like ldd does not work:

g++ MyMain_c.o MyWrapper.o MyClass.o -o MyMain_c

Start the C program with:

./MyMain_c

You should now get the same result as with your C++ program above.

I hope this mini tutorial helped you.