测试javascript的继承机制,首先,要理解什么叫继承:继承主要是指子类拥有父类开放的属性及方法,其实javascript是不包含继承这种机制的,但是在现在这个面向对象充斥着开发人员的开发的时候,难免javascript也要模拟这样的一种写吧,尽量满足大部份开发人员的开发习惯,下面请看javascript是如何实现这些继承体系的。
1.先定义一个父类Person
- function Person(name, sex) {
- this.name = name;
- this.sex = sex;
- this.move = function() {
- alert("move");
- };
- }
function Person(name, sex) { this.name = name; this.sex = sex; this.move = function() { alert("move"); }; }
2.对象冒充
可以冒充得到正确结果,其实javascript是这样的,将整个方法替换掉pe,当我们调用this.(name,sex);时相当于在Man里面执行上面的那一段代码,而此时的this已经代表的是Man对象,使Man也具有了name,sex等属性与及move方法。
- function Man(name, sex, address, phone) {
- this.pe = Person;
- this.pe(name, sex);
- delete this.pe;
- this.address = address;
- this.phone = phone;
- }
- function Woman(name, sex, birthday) {
- this.pe = Person;
- this.pe(name, sex);
- delete this.pe;
- this.birthday = birthday;
- }
function Man(name, sex, address, phone) { this.pe = Person; this.pe(name, sex); delete this.pe; this.address = address; this.phone = phone; } function Woman(name, sex, birthday) { this.pe = Person; this.pe(name, sex); delete this.pe; this.birthday = birthday; }
3.call 方法实现继承,call方法里面会将this及Person中的参数传递到调用的方法中,此时的this代表的是Man2对象,当调用到Person的构造方法的时候,调用this.name的时候已经是Man2.name了,这种方法也可以实现继承。
- function Man2(name, sex, address, phone) {
- Person.call(this, name, sex);
- this.address = address;
- this.phone = phone;
- }
function Man2(name, sex, address, phone) { Person.call(this, name, sex); this.address = address; this.phone = phone; }
4.apply 方法实现继承,其实apply方法和call方法是一样,只不过apply传递过去的参数要用一个数据包装起来而已。
- function Man3(name, sex, address, phone) {
- Person.apply(this, new Array(name, sex));
- this.address = address;
- this.phone = phone;
- }
function Man3(name, sex, address, phone) { Person.apply(this, new Array(name, sex)); this.address = address; this.phone = phone; }
5.若父类中有通过prototype定义的方法或者属性,上述的三种方法无法实现继承。
原型链的缺点是不支持多继承。
原型prototype链如下:
- function Person2() {
- }
- Person2.prototype.name = "";
- Person2.prototype.sex = "";
- Person2.prototype.move = function() {
- alert(this.name);
- };
- function Man4() {
- }
- Man4.prototype = new Person2();
function Person2() { } Person2.prototype.name = ""; Person2.prototype.sex = ""; Person2.prototype.move = function() { alert(this.name); }; function Man4() { } Man4.prototype = new Person2();
5.混合方式,通过混合方式,可以达到最大的重用。
function Person3(name, sex) {
this.name = name;
this.sex = sex;
}
Person3.prototype.login = function() {
alert("prototype constructual");
};
function Man5(name, sex, birthday) {
Person3.call(this, name, sex);
this.birthday = birthday;
}
Man5.prototype = new Person3();
Man5.prototype.say = function() {
alert("say hello!");
};