2021-03-03 matplotlib

最新推荐文章于 2021-03-31 11:05:23 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2021-03-31 11:05:23 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/sunhansue/article/details/114348524

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matplotlib

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matplotlib

What is matplotlib ?

数据可视化package，模仿MATLAB构建

Start with an Example

假设一天中每隔两个小时的气温分别是[15, 13, 14,5,17, 20, 25, 26, 24, 22, 18, 15]

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
# set figure size
plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)
x = range(2,26,2)
y1 = [15, 13, 14, 5,  17, 20, 25, 26, 24, 22, 18, 15]
y2 = [13, 19, 18, 26, 33, 27, 20, 22, 21, 23, 16, 18]
plt.plot(x,y1,label="day 1")
plt.plot(x,y2,label="day 2",color="orange",linestyle="--",alpha=0.7)
# add legend
plt.legend(loc="lower right")
# set axis
plt.xticks(range(2,25,4))
plt.yticks(range(min(y),max(y)+1))
# grid
plt.grid(alpha=0.7)
# save figure
plt.savefig("./temperature.png")
plt.show()

在这里插入图片描述

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
import random
x = range(120)
y = [random.randint(20,35) for i in range(120)]
plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)
# set x axis
_xtick_labels = ["10:{0}".format(i) for i in range(60)]
_xtick_labels += ["11:{0}".format(i) for i in range(60)]
plt.xticks(list(x)[::10],_xtick_labels[::10],rotation=90)
# add desciption
plt.xlabel("Time")
plt.ylabel("Temperature($^\circ$C)")
plt.title("'Temperature change from 10:00 to 12:00'")
plt.plot(x,y)

在这里插入图片描述

设置中文显示

通过matplotlib.rc修改（might not work）

font = {'family': "Microsoft Yahei",
				'size'  :  '10'}
matplotlib.rc("font",**font)

通过matplotlib的font manager修改

my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="/System/Library/Fonts/PingFang.ttc")
plt.xticks(x,xticks,fontproperties=my_font)
plt.legend(prop=my_font)

常用统计图对比—如何选择合适的统计图

折线图：以折线的上升或下降来表示统计数量的增减变化的统计图
特点：能够显示数据的变化趋势，反映事物的变化情况（变化）
直方图：由一系列高度不等的纵向条纹或线段表示数据分布的情况，一般用横轴表示数据范围，纵轴表示分布情况
特点：绘制连续性的数据,展示一组或者多组数据的分布状况（统计）
条形图：排列在工作表的列或行中的数据可以绘制到条形图中
特点：绘制离散的数据，能够一眼看出各个数据的大小,比较数据之间的差别（统计）
散点图：用两组数据构成多个坐标点，考察坐标点的分布,判断两变量之间是否存在某种关联或总结坐标点的分布模式
特点: 1. 判断变量之间是否存在数量关联趋势，2.展示离群点(分布规律)

散点图

An Example: 展示北京3月、10月的每日最高温

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
a = [11,17,16,11,12,11,12,6,6,7,8,9,12,15,14,17,18,21,16,17,20,14,15,15,15,19,21,22,22,22,23]
b = [26,26,28,19,21,17,16,19,18,20,20,19,22,23,17,20,21,20,22,15,11,15,5,13,17,10,11,13,12,13,6]
x_a = range(1,32)
x_b = range(40,71)
plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)
plt.scatter(x_a,a)
plt.scatter(x_b,b)

_x_tick_labels = ["{0}.Mar".format(i) for i in x_a]
_x_tick_labels += ["{0}.Oct".format(i) for i in x_b]
x = list(x_a) + list(x_b)
plt.xticks(x[::3],_x_tick_labels[::3])

plt.show()

在这里插入图片描述

条形图

An Example：展示电影票房数据

import matplotlib
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
font = {'family': "Microsoft Yahei",'size':'10'}
matplotlib.rc("font",**font)

a = ["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5：最后的骑士","摔跤吧！爸爸","加勒比海盗5：死无对证","金刚：骷髅岛","极限特工：终极回归","生化危机6：终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3：殊死一战","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊",]
b=[56.01,26.94,17.53,16.49,15.45,12.96,11.8,11.61,11.28,11.12,10.49,10.3,8.75,7.55,7.32,6.99,6.88,6.86,6.58,6.23]

plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)
# plt.bar(a,b, width=0.5)
plt.barh(a[len(a):0:-1],b[len(b):0:-1], height=0.5, color="orange")
plt.grid(alpha=0.7)
plt.show()

在这里插入图片描述

coding=utf-8
import matplotlib
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
font = {'family': "Microsoft Yahei",'size':'10'}
matplotlib.rc("font",**font)

a = ["猩球崛起3：终极之战","敦刻尔克","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","战狼2"]
b_16 = [15746,312,4497,319]
b_15 = [12357,156,2045,168]
b_14 = [2358,399,2358,362]

bar_width = 0.2

x_14 = list(range(len(a)))
x_15 =  [i+bar_width for i in x_14]
x_16 = [i+bar_width*2 for i in x_14]

#设置图形大小
plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)

plt.bar(range(len(a)),b_14,width=bar_width,label="9月14日")
plt.bar(x_15,b_15,width=bar_width,label="9月15日")
plt.bar(x_16,b_16,width=bar_width,label="9月16日")

#设置图例
plt.legend()

#设置x轴的刻度
plt.xticks(x_15,a)

plt.show()

在这里插入图片描述

直方图

An Example：统计电影市场分布状态

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
a=[131,  98, 125, 131, 124, 139, 131, 117, 128, 108, 135, 138, 131, 102, 107, 114, 119, 128, 121, 142, 127, 130, 124, 101, 110, 116, 117, 110, 128, 128, 115,  99, 136, 126, 134,  95, 138, 117, 111,78, 132, 124, 113, 150, 110, 117,  86,  95, 144, 105, 126, 130,126, 130, 126, 116, 123, 106, 112, 138, 123,  86, 101,  99, 136,123, 117, 119, 105, 137, 123, 128, 125, 104, 109, 134, 125, 127,105, 120, 107, 129, 116, 108, 132, 103, 136, 118, 102, 120, 114,105, 115, 132, 145, 119, 121, 112, 139, 125, 138, 109, 132, 134,156, 106, 117, 127, 144, 139, 139, 119, 140,  83, 110, 102,123,107, 143, 115, 136, 118, 139, 123, 112, 118, 125, 109, 119, 133,112, 114, 122, 109, 106, 123, 116, 131, 127, 115, 118, 112, 135,115, 146, 137, 116, 103, 144,  83, 123, 111, 110, 111, 100, 154,136, 100, 118, 119, 133, 134, 106, 129, 126, 110, 111, 109, 141,120, 117, 106, 149, 122, 122, 110, 118, 127, 121, 114, 125, 126,114, 140, 103, 130, 141, 117, 106, 114, 121, 114, 133, 137,  92,121, 112, 146,  97, 137, 105,  98, 117, 112,  81,  97, 139, 113,134, 106, 144, 110, 137, 137, 111, 104, 117, 100, 111, 101, 110,105, 129, 137, 112, 120, 113, 133, 112,  83,  94, 146, 133, 101,131, 116, 111,  84, 137, 115, 122, 106, 144, 109, 123, 116, 111,111, 133, 150]
d = 3 
num_bins = (max(a)-min(a))//d

plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)
plt.hist(a,num_bins) # 可以通过设置num_bins的数组，设置不均匀组距
plt.xticks(range(min(a),max(a)+d,d))
plt.grid()
plt.show()

在这里插入图片描述

Another Example：展示通勤时间分布

对于统计后的数据，通过条形图达到直方图的效果

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

interval = [0,5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,60,90]
width = [5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,15,30,60]
quantity = [836,2737,3723,3926,3596,1438,3273,642,824,613,215,47]
print(len(interval),len(width),len(quantity))

plt.figure(figsize=(20,8),dpi=80)
plt.bar(range(12),quantity,width=1) # 设置宽度使bar重叠
_x = [i-0.5 for i in range(13)] #设置x轴的刻度
_xtick_labels =  interval+[150] # 实际的刻度（加上最后一个interval的末尾）
plt.xticks(_x,_xtick_labels)
plt.grid(alpha=0.4)
plt.show()