WeakHashMap理解


WeakHashMap实现了Map接口,是HashMap的一种实现,他使用弱引用作为内部数据的存储方案,WeakHashMap可以作为简单缓存表的解决方案,当系统内存不够的时候,垃圾收集器会自动的清除没有在其他任何地方被引用的键值对。

  如果需要用一张很大的HashMap作为缓存表,那么可以考虑使用WeakHashMap,当键值不存在的时候添加到表中,存在即取出其值。

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WeakHashMap weakMap = new WeakHashMap<Integer, byte[]>();
for(int i = 0; i < 10000; i++){
Integer ii = new Integer(i);
weakMap.put(ii, new byte[i]);
}

  

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HashMap map = new HashMap<Integer, byte[]>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
  Integer ii = new Integer(i);
  map.put(ii, new byte[i]);
}

  这2段代码分别用-Xmx5M的参数运行,运行的结果是第一段代码可以很好的运行,第二段代码会出现“Java Heap Space”的错误,这说明用WeakHashMap存储,在系统内存不够用的时候会自动回收内存。

  如果WeakHashMap的key在系统内持有强引用,那么WeakHashMap就退化为HashMap,所有的表项无法被垃圾收集器自动清理。

 1    package com.froest.excel;

 2


 3   import java.util.Iterator;

 4   import java.util.Map;

 5   import java.util.WeakHashMap;

 6


 7  public class Test5 {

 8

 9   /**
10 * @param args

11    */


12          public static void main(String[] args) {

13                             // TODO Auto-generated method stub
14                             WeakHashMap<AA, People1> weakMap1 = new WeakHashMap<AA, People1>();

15                             String b = new String("louhang1");

16                             AA a = new AA(b);

17                             BB bb = new BB(a);

18                             People1 p1 = new People1(bb);

19                             weakMap1.put(p1.getB().getAA(), p1);

20                             p1.getB().setAA(null);// 去除对象a的强引用
21                             a = null;// 去除对象a的强引用,并让垃圾收集器回收AA对象在堆中的内存
22                             System.gc();

23                             Iterator i = weakMap1.entrySet().iterator();

24                             while (i.hasNext()) {

25                                        Map.Entry en = (Map.Entry) i.next();

26                                        System.out.println("weakMap:" + en.getKey() + ":" + en.getValue());

27                                       }

28                             }

29          }

30
31     class AA {

32              private String a;

33
34              public AA(String a) {

35                        this.a = a;

36              }

37
38             public String getA() {

39                        return a;

40             }

41
42             public void setA(String a) {

43                       this.a = a;

44             }

45     }

46
47    class BB {

48             private AA a;

49
50             public BB(AA a) {

51                        this.a = a;

52              }

53
54             public AA getAA() {

55                       return a;

56             }

57
58             public void setAA(AA a) {

59                               this.a = a;

60            }

61    }

62
63    class People1 {

64               private BB b;

65
66              public People1(BB b) {

67                        this.b = b;

68             }

69
70              public BB getB() {

71                       return b;

72              }

73
74             public void setB(BB b) {

75                       this.b = b;

76              }

77    }

 
 1 package com.froest.excel;
 2 
 3 import java.util.Iterator;
 4 import java.util.Map;
 5 import java.util.WeakHashMap;
 6 
 7 public class Test5 {
 8 
 9   /**
10    * @param args
11    */
12   public static void main(String[] args) {
13     // TODO Auto-generated method stub
14     WeakHashMap<AA, People1> weakMap1 = new WeakHashMap<AA, People1>();
15     String b = new String("louhang1");
16     AA a = new AA(b);
17     BB bb = new BB(a);
18     People1 p1 = new People1(bb);
19     weakMap1.put(p1.getB().getAA(), p1);
20     p1.getB().setAA(null);// 去除对象a的强引用
21     a = null;// 去除对象a的强引用,并让垃圾收集器回收AA对象在堆中的内存
22     System.gc();
23     Iterator i = weakMap1.entrySet().iterator();
24     while (i.hasNext()) {
25       Map.Entry en = (Map.Entry) i.next();
26       System.out.println("weakMap:" + en.getKey() + ":" + en.getValue());
27     }
28   }
29 }
30 
31 class AA {
32   private String a;
33 
34   public AA(String a) {
35     this.a = a;
36   }
37 
38   public String getA() {
39     return a;
40   }
41 
42   public void setA(String a) {
43     this.a = a;
44   }
45 }
46 
47 class BB {
48   private AA a;
49 
50   public BB(AA a) {
51     this.a = a;
52   }
53 
54   public AA getAA() {
55     return a;
56   }
57 
58   public void setAA(AA a) {
59     this.a = a;
60   }
61 }
62 
63 class People1 {
64   private BB b;
65 
66   public People1(BB b) {
67     this.b = b;
68   }
69 
70   public BB getB() {
71     return b;
72   }
73 
74   public void setB(BB b) {
75     this.b = b;
76   }
77 }

View Code

  运行上面代码以后没有输出任何结果,说明,WeakHashMap中的键值对已经被回收了,如果注释掉p1.getB().setAA(null);或者a = null;这2行中的任意一行都没法清除WeakhashMap中的键值对。
  在WeakHashMap的get(),put()函数中的getTable()方法会调用expungeStateEntries方法,以清理持有弱引用的key的表项。exPungeStateEntries方法源代码:

1   private void expungeStaleEntries() {
 2                     Entry<K,V> e;
 3                     while ( (e = (Entry<K,V>) queue.poll()) != null) {
 4                              int h = e.hash;
 5                              int i = indexFor(h, table.length);
 6
7                               Entry<K,V> prev = table[i];
 8                              Entry<K,V> p = prev;
 9                              while (p != null) {
10                                      Entry<K,V> next = p.next;
11                                      if (p == e) {
12                                          if (prev == e)
13                                              table[i] = next;
14                                          else
15                                              prev.next = next;
16                                          e.next = null// Help GC
17                                          e.value = null; // " "
18                                          size--;
19                                          break;
20                                    }
21                                    prev = p;
22                                    p = next;
23                            }
24                    }
25     }

 1 private void expungeStaleEntries() {
 2     Entry<K,V> e;
 3         while ( (e = (Entry<K,V>) queue.poll()) != null) {
 4             int h = e.hash;
 5             int i = indexFor(h, table.length);
 6 
 7             Entry<K,V> prev = table[i];
 8             Entry<K,V> p = prev;
 9             while (p != null) {
10                 Entry<K,V> next = p.next;
11                 if (p == e) {
12                     if (prev == e)
13                         table[i] = next;
14                     else
15                         prev.next = next;
16                     e.next = null;  // Help GC
17                     e.value = null; //  "   "
18                     size--;
19                     break;
20                 }
21                 prev = p;
22                 p = next;
23             }
24         }
25     }

View Code

 在第二个while循环中会移除已经被回收的表项。

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