Linux du,df 查看文件及文件夹大小

df可以查看一级文件夹大小,使用比例,档案系统及其挂入点,但对文件却无能为力。
du可以查看文件及文件夹的大小。

两者配合使用,非常有效.比如用df查看哪个一级目录过大,然后用du查看文件夹或文件的大小,如此便可迅速确定症结。

下面分别简要介绍:
df命令可以显示目前所有文件系统的可用空间及使用情形，请看下列这个例子：

以下是代码片段：
root@AY14Z:~# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/xvda1       20G  4.0G   15G  22% /
none            4.0K     0  4.0K   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
udev            486M  4.0K  486M   1% /dev
tmpfs           100M  396K   99M   1% /run
none            5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
none            497M     0  497M   0% /run/shm
none            100M     0  100M   0% /run/user
/dev/xvdb1       20G  273M   19G   2% /mnt


du:查询文件或文件夹的磁盘使用空间
如果当前目录下文件和文件夹很多,使用不带参数du的命令,可以循环列出所有文件和文件夹所使用的空间.这对查看究竟是那个地方过大是不利的,
所以得指定深入目录的层数,参数:--max-depth=,这是个很有用的参数！如下,注意使用“*”，可以得到文件的使用空间大小.

以下是代码片段:
root@AY14Z:~# du -h --max-depth=1 /root/server
384M /root/server/apache-tomcat-7.0.57
686M /root/server/mysql
1.1G         /root/server

root@AY14Z:~# du -h --max-depth=1 /root/server/*
2.2M /root/server/apache-tomcat-7.0.57/bin
228K /root/server/apache-tomcat-7.0.57/conf
4.2M /root/server/apache-tomcat-7.0.57/work
4.0K         /root/server/apache-tomcat-7.0.57/temp
6.8M /root/server/apache-tomcat-7.0.57/lib
171M /root/server/apache-tomcat-7.0.57/webapps
200M /root/server/apache-tomcat-7.0.57/logs
384M /root/server/apache-tomcat-7.0.57
336M /root/server/mysql/bin
736K /root/server/mysql/man
52K /root/server/mysql/docs
122M /root/server/mysql/mysql-test
108K /root/server/mysql/support-files
222M /root/server/mysql/lib
2.6M /root/server/mysql/share
2.8M /root/server/mysql/sql-bench
12K         /root/server/mysql/data
20K         /root/server/mysql/scripts
704K /root/server/mysql/include
686M /root/server/mysql

root@AY14Z:~# du -h --max-depth=1 /root/server/mysql/
336M /root/server/mysql/bin
736K /root/server/mysql/man
52K         /root/server/mysql/docs
122M /root/server/mysql/mysql-test
108K /root/server/mysql/support-files
222M /root/server/mysql/lib
2.6M /root/server/mysql/share
2.8M /root/server/mysql/sql-bench
12K         /root/server/mysql/data
20K         /root/server/mysql/scripts
704K /root/server/mysql/include
686M /root/server/mysql/

root@AY14Z:~# du -h --max-depth=1 /root/server/mysql/*
336M /root/server/mysql/bin
20K /root/server/mysql/COPYING
8.0K         /root/server/mysql/data/test
12K /root/server/mysql/data
52K /root/server/mysql/docs
212K /root/server/mysql/include/mysql
704K /root/server/mysql/include
132K /root/server/mysql/INSTALL-BINARY
908K /root/server/mysql/lib/plugin
222M /root/server/mysql/lib
724K /root/server/mysql/man/man1
8.0K         /root/server/mysql/man/man8
736K /root/server/mysql/man
852K /root/server/mysql/mysql-test/extra
15M /root/server/mysql/mysql-test/r
1.8M /root/server/mysql/mysql-test/std_data
584K /root/server/mysql/mysql-test/lib
8.3M /root/server/mysql/mysql-test/t
94M /root/server/mysql/mysql-test/suite
64K /root/server/mysql/mysql-test/collections
2.0M /root/server/mysql/mysql-test/include
122M /root/server/mysql/mysql-test
4.0K         /root/server/mysql/README
20K /root/server/mysql/scripts
52K /root/server/mysql/share/spanish
52K /root/server/mysql/share/french
52K /root/server/mysql/share/romanian
56K /root/server/mysql/share/german
60K /root/server/mysql/share/ukrainian
64K /root/server/mysql/share/russian
48K /root/server/mysql/share/norwegian
52K /root/server/mysql/share/serbian
52K /root/server/mysql/share/czech
52K /root/server/mysql/share/hungarian
52K /root/server/mysql/share/portuguese
48K /root/server/mysql/share/english
236K /root/server/mysql/share/charsets
52K /root/server/mysql/share/italian
52K /root/server/mysql/share/polish
52K /root/server/mysql/share/slovak
12K /root/server/mysql/share/aclocal
56K /root/server/mysql/share/greek
52K /root/server/mysql/share/dutch
52K /root/server/mysql/share/danish
52K /root/server/mysql/share/swedish
52K /root/server/mysql/share/estonian
48K /root/server/mysql/share/norwegian-ny
52K /root/server/mysql/share/japanese
52K /root/server/mysql/share/korean
2.6M /root/server/mysql/share
1.1M /root/server/mysql/sql-bench/limits
1.2M /root/server/mysql/sql-bench/Data
2.8M /root/server/mysql/sql-bench
8.0K         /root/server/mysql/support-files/solaris
108K /root/server/mysql/support-files

统计总数大小
root@AY14Z:~# du -sh /root/server
1.1G         /root/server

如果有一个进程在打开一个大文件的时候,这个大文件直接被rm或者mv掉,则du会更新统计数值,df不会更新统计数值,还是认为空间没有释放.直到这个打开大文件的进程被Kill掉.