一. Neo4j简介:
Neo4j是一个高性能的,NoSQL图形数据库,它将结构化数据存储在网络上而不是表中。它是一个嵌入式的、基于磁盘的、具备完全的事务特性的Java持久化引擎,但是它将结构化数据存储在网络(从数学角度叫做图)上而不是表中。Neo4j也可以被看作是一个高性能的图引擎,该引擎具有成熟数据库的所有特性。程序员工作在一个面向对象的、灵活的网络结构下而不是严格、静态的表中——但是他们可以享受到具备完全的事务特性、企业级的数据库的所有好处。
在一个图中包含两种基本的数据类型:Nodes(节点) 和 Relationships(关系)。Nodes 和 Relationships 包含key/value形式的属性。Nodes通过Relationships所定义的关系相连起来,形成关系型网络结构。
相比其他NoSQL数据库,Neo4j的特点在于可以建立关系,达到数据关联的目的。从某些方面来说,我觉得它甚至可以取代关系型数据库,而且不需要事先定义表结构,字段扩展非常方便。
它使用的查询语言是Cypher。
二. Neo4j的核心概念:
1. Nodes(节点)
节点包含多个标签和属性,就像是一个地铁站。
一个节点就是一条数据。
2. Relations(关系)
关系是用来连接两个节点的,也可以包含多个标签和属性,就像是地铁站之间的线路。
一个关系也是一条数据。
关系包括进和出两种方向。
3. Properties(属性)
类似于关系型数据库里面的字段,不用事先定义,可以动态添加。
4. Labels(标签)
表示节点或者关系的类型,可以有多个,使查询更加方便和高效。
三. Neo4j的配置和使用:
下载最新的Neo4j:http://neo4j.com/download/
解压后移动到Neo4j下的bin目录,启动命令:neo4j.bat console
默认端口:7474
可在conf/neo4j.conf里面修改配置
在浏览器输入localhost:7474,登录Neo4j进行操作,默认用户名/密码:neo4j/neo4j,登陆后需要立刻修改密码。
①:Cypher查询语句
②:各种Labels及其数量
③:节点和关系的图形界面
④:某节点包含的属性
四. Cypher的基本语法:
1. 创建节点:
CREATE (n:Label {name:"L1", type:"T1"})
可以理解成:INSERT INTO Label(name, type) VALUES("L1", "T1")
n是变量名,可以任意。Label是标签,可以有多个。{}里面是属性,可以有多个。
这个创建节点的例子中,包含了2个标签:
CREATE (n:Label:Test {name:"L1", type:"T1"})
2. 查找节点:
MATCH(a:Test) WHERE a.name="L1" RETURN a;
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/450452cd95b9568d7af6fc20a83799d7.png)
3. 创建多个节点和关系:
CREATE (节点1),(节点2),(节点3),(节点1)-[关系1]->(节点2),(节点2)-[关系2]->(节点3)
例:CREATE (a:Node), (b:Node), (a)-[:Relate]->(b)
如果已有Node,只想添加关联,可用下面这种方法:
MATCH(a:Node),(b:Node) WHERE ID(a)=230 AND ID(b)=231 CREATE (b)-[:R]->(a)
4. 模式匹配:
根据关联进行数据查询。
MATCH (a)-[:Have]-(b)-[:Have]-(c)-[:Have]-(d) WHERE a.name="G1" RETURN a,b,c,d
5. 更新节点:
MATCH(n:Label) WHERE n.name="N2" SET n.update = "2018-06-26"
6. 删除节点:
MATCH(n) WHERE ID(n)=100 DELETE n
7. 查看语句分析:
在查询语句前加上
EXPLAIN
或
PROFILE
五. Java实现的接口和实例:
我用的是SpringBoot的项目,可以直接启动ConsumerClientApplication,不用放到Tomcat下。
1. pom.xml中引入neo4j的jar包:
<dependency>
<!-- 服务器开发需要的jar包 -->
<groupId>org.neo4j.driver</groupId>
<artifactId>neo4j-java-driver</artifactId>
<version>1.5.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<!-- 嵌入式开发需要的jar包 -->
<groupId>org.neo4j</groupId>
<artifactId>neo4j</artifactId>
<version>3.3.4</version>
</dependency>
2. 创建Code对象,用来传递参数:
package com.inesa.neo4j.entity;
public class Code {
private String id;
private String node;
private String relation;
private String property;
private String label;
private String nodeFromId;
private String nodeFromLabel;
private String nodeToId;
private String nodeToLabel;
private String where;
private String update;
private String result;
public String getNode() {
return node;
}
public void setNode(String node) {
this.node = node;
}
public String getRelation() {
return relation;
}
public void setRelation(String relation) {
this.relation = relation;
}
public String getProperty() {
return property;
}
public void setProperty(String property) {
this.property = property;
}
public String getLabel() {
return label;
}
public void setLabel(String label) {
this.label = label;
}
public String getNodeFromId() {
return nodeFromId;
}
public void setNodeFromId(String nodeFromId) {
this.nodeFromId = nodeFromId;
}
public String getNodeToId() {
return nodeToId;
}
public void setNodeToId(String nodeToId) {
this.nodeToId = nodeToId;
}
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getNodeFromLabel() {
return nodeFromLabel;
}
public void setNodeFromLabel(String nodeFromLabel) {
this.nodeFromLabel = nodeFromLabel;
}
public String getNodeToLabel() {
return nodeToLabel;
}
public void setNodeToLabel(String nodeToLabel) {
this.nodeToLabel = nodeToLabel;
}
public String getWhere() {
return where;
}
public void setWhere(String where) {
this.where = where;
}
public String getUpdate() {
return update;
}
public void setUpdate(String update) {
this.update = update;
}
public String getResult() {
return result;
}
public void setResult(String result) {
this.result = result;
}
}
3. 创建Controller,添加接口:
package com.inesa.neo4j.controller;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.neo4j.driver.v1.AuthTokens;
import org.neo4j.driver.v1.Driver;
import org.neo4j.driver.v1.GraphDatabase;
import org.neo4j.driver.v1.Record;
import org.neo4j.driver.v1.Session;
import org.neo4j.driver.v1.StatementResult;
import static org.neo4j.driver.v1.Values.parameters;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.inesa.common.entity.RestfulResult;
import com.inesa.common.utils.CommUtils;
import com.inesa.common.utils.Constants;
import com.inesa.neo4j.entity.Code;
/**
* Controller
*
* @author sun
* @version 2018-06-01
*/
@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "neo4j")
public class CodeController {
private Driver createDrive(){
return GraphDatabase.driver( "bolt://localhost:7687", AuthTokens.basic( "neo4j", "admin" ) );
}
@RequestMapping(value = "test")
public void test(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
RestfulResult restfulResult = new RestfulResult();
try{
Driver driver = createDrive();
Session session = driver.session();
session.run( "CREATE (a:Person {name: {name}, title: {title}})",
parameters( "name", "Arthur001", "title", "King001" ) );
StatementResult result = session.run( "MATCH (a:Person) WHERE a.name = {name} " +
"RETURN a.name AS name, a.title AS title",
parameters( "name", "Arthur001" ) );
while ( result.hasNext() )
{
Record record = result.next();
System.out.println( record.get( "title" ).asString() + " " + record.get( "name" ).asString() + " " + record.get( "id" ).asString() );
}
session.close();
driver.close();
}catch(Exception e){
restfulResult.setResult(Constants.RESULT_STATE_ERROR);
restfulResult.setMessage(e.getMessage());
}
CommUtils.printDataJason(response, restfulResult);
}
@RequestMapping(value = "save")
public void save(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
@RequestBody Code code) {
RestfulResult restfulResult = new RestfulResult();
try{
Driver driver = createDrive();
Session session = driver.session();
StatementResult result = session.run( "CREATE (a:" + code.getLabel() + " {" + code.getProperty() + "}) return a");
while (result.hasNext())
{
Record record = result.next();
restfulResult.setData(record.fields().get(0).value().toString().replace("node<", "").replace(">", ""));
}
session.close();
driver.close();
}catch(Exception e){
restfulResult.setResult(Constants.RESULT_STATE_ERROR);
restfulResult.setMessage(e.getMessage());
}
CommUtils.printDataJason(response, restfulResult);
}
@RequestMapping(value = "update")
public void update(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
@RequestBody Code code) {
RestfulResult restfulResult = new RestfulResult();
try{
Driver driver = createDrive();
Session session = driver.session();
StatementResult result = session.run("MATCH (a:" + code.getLabel() + ") WHERE a." + code.getWhere() + " SET a." + code.getUpdate() + " return COUNT(a)");
while (result.hasNext())
{
Record record = result.next();
restfulResult.setData(record.fields().get(0).value().toString());
}
session.close();
driver.close();
}catch(Exception e){
restfulResult.setResult(Constants.RESULT_STATE_ERROR);
restfulResult.setMessage(e.getMessage());
}
CommUtils.printDataJason(response, restfulResult);
}
@RequestMapping(value = "delete")
public void delete(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
@RequestBody Code code) {
RestfulResult restfulResult = new RestfulResult();
try{
Driver driver = createDrive();
Session session = driver.session();
session.run( "match (n) where ID(n) = " + code.getId() +" detach delete n");
session.close();
driver.close();
}catch(Exception e){
restfulResult.setResult(Constants.RESULT_STATE_ERROR);
restfulResult.setMessage(e.getMessage());
}
CommUtils.printDataJason(response, restfulResult);
}
@RequestMapping(value = "search")
public void search(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
@RequestBody Code code) {
RestfulResult restfulResult = new RestfulResult();
try{
Driver driver = createDrive();
Session session = driver.session();
StatementResult result = session.run("MATCH " + code.getProperty() +
" MATCH " + code.getRelation() +
" WHERE " + code.getWhere() +
" RETURN " + code.getResult());
List<String> resultList = new ArrayList<String>();
while ( result.hasNext() )
{
Record record = result.next();
resultList.add(record.get("id").toString() + " " + record.get("name").toString());
}
session.close();
driver.close();
restfulResult.setData(resultList);
}catch(Exception e){
restfulResult.setResult(Constants.RESULT_STATE_ERROR);
restfulResult.setMessage(e.getMessage());
}
CommUtils.printDataJason(response, restfulResult);
}
@RequestMapping(value = "relate")
public void relate(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
@RequestBody Code code) {
RestfulResult restfulResult = new RestfulResult();
try{
Driver driver = createDrive();
Session session = driver.session();
session.run("MATCH (a:" + code.getNodeFromLabel() + "), (b:" + code.getNodeToLabel() + ") " +
"WHERE ID(a) = " + code.getNodeFromId() + " AND ID(b) = " + code.getNodeToId()
+ " CREATE (a)-[:" + code.getRelation() + "]->(b)");
session.close();
driver.close();
}catch(Exception e){
restfulResult.setResult(Constants.RESULT_STATE_ERROR);
restfulResult.setMessage(e.getMessage());
}
CommUtils.printDataJason(response, restfulResult);
}
//private static final String DB_PATH = "D:/neo4j/data/databases/graph.db";
//GraphDatabaseService graphDb;
/*@RequestMapping(value = "save")
public void save(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
@RequestBody Code code) {
RestfulResult restfulResult = new RestfulResult();
try{
if (graphDb == null)
this.graphDb = new GraphDatabaseFactory().newEmbeddedDatabase(new File(DB_PATH));
registerShutdownHook(graphDb);
Transaction tx = graphDb.beginTx();
Node node = this.graphDb.createNode();
Label label = DynamicLabel.label(code.getLabel());
node.addLabel(label);
node.setProperty("Name", code.getProperty());
tx.success();
restfulResult.setData(node.getId());
}catch(Exception e){
restfulResult.setResult(Constants.RESULT_STATE_ERROR);
restfulResult.setMessage(e.getMessage());
}
CommUtils.printDataJason(response, restfulResult);
}*/
/* private void registerShutdownHook(final GraphDatabaseService graphDB){
//关闭寄存器
Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread(){
public void run(){
graphDB.shutdown();
}
});
}*/
}
我这里只是做了几个简单的Sample,调用方式如下:
(1) 创建节点(save)
(2) 删除节点(delete)
(3) 修改节点(update)
(4) 添加节点关系(relate)
(5) 自定义条件查询(search)
结果数据:
GitHub地址:https://github.com/sunroyi/neo4j.git