Java中的对象转型

对象转型（casting）要点理解：

1.一个基类的引用类型变量可以‘指向’其子类的对象；

2.一个基类的引用不可以访问其子类对象新增加的成员（属性和方法）；

3.子类的对象可以作为基类的对象来使用称作向上转型（upcasting），反之称为向下转型（downcasting）；

class Animal {
	public String name;
	public Animal (String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
}

class Cat extends Animal {
	public String eyesColor;
	public Cat(String name , String eyesColor) {
		super(name);
		this.eyesColor = eyesColor;
	}
}

class Dog extends Animal {
	public String furColor;
	public Dog(String name , String furColor) {
		super(name);
		this.furColor = furColor;
	}
}

public class Main {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Animal animal = new Animal("Animal");
		Cat cat = new Cat("Cat" , "blue");
		Dog dog = new Dog("Dog" , "black");
		System.out.println("----------1-----------");
		System.out.println(animal instanceof Animal);
		System.out.println(cat instanceof Animal);
		System.out.println(dog instanceof Animal);
		System.out.println(animal instanceof Cat);
		System.out.println("----------2-----------");
		//upcasting
		animal = new Dog("bigDog" , "yellow");
		System.out.println(animal.name);
		//adding the following sentence occurs "compile error" !
//		System.out.println(animal.furname); 
		System.out.println(animal instanceof Animal);
		System.out.println(animal instanceof Dog);
		Dog bigDog = (Dog)animal;
		System.out.println(bigDog.furColor);
	}
}

运行结果为：