XPath语法

XPath uses path expressions to select nodes or node-sets in an XML document. The node is selected by following a path or steps.
XPath使用路径表达式来选择XML文档的节或是节集。顺着路径或步骤来选择节。

The XML Example Document(XML实例文档)

We will use the following XML document in the examples below.
举例中我们将使用下面的XML文档

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>

<bookstore>

<book>
<title lang="eng">Harry Potter</title>
<price>29.99</price>
</book>

<book>
<title lang="eng">Learning XML</title>
<price>39.95</price>
</book>

</bookstore>

 

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Selecting Nodes(选择节)

XPath uses path expressions to select nodes in an XML document. The node is selected by following a path or steps. The most useful path expressions are listed below:
一些非常有用的路径表达式：

表达式	描述
nodename	Selects all child nodes of the node[选择所有目前节的子节]
/	Selects from the root node[从根节进行选择]
//	Selects nodes in the document from the current node that match the selection no matter where they are [选择文档中相吻合的节而不管其在文档的何处]
.	Selects the current node[选择当前节]
..	Selects the parent of the current node[当前节的父节]
@	Selects attributes[选择属性]

Examples(实例)

In the table below we have listed some path expressions and the result of the expressions:
下面我们所列举的表格有路径表达式以及其结果：

路径表达式	结果
bookstore	Selects all the child nodes of the bookstore element[选择所有bookstore元素的子节]
/bookstore	Selects the root element bookstore Note: If the path starts with a slash ( / ) it always represents an absolute path to an element! [选择了bookstore的根元素。注意：如果路径的开始为(/)那此路径一定是到该元素的绝对路径]
bookstore/book	Selects all book elements that are children of bookstore[选择了所有在bookstore的子元素book元素所包含的所有元素（其实就为bookstore里book元素所包含的元素）]
//book	Selects all book elements no matter where they are in the document[选择所有为book元素的内容而不管book元素处于何处(有不同的父也没关系)]
bookstore//book	Selects all book elements that are descendant of the bookstore element, no matter where they are under the bookstore element[在bookstore元素内所有含有book元素的元素内容（只要book元素的祖元素为bookstore元素那都符合条件）]
//@lang	Selects all attributes that are named lang[选择所有属性名为lang的属性]

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Predicates(谓语)

Predicates are used to find a specific node or a node that contains a specific value.
谓语用来指定明确的节所含有的特殊的值

Predicates are always embedded in square brackets.
谓语被嵌入在中括号

Examples(举例)

In the table below we have listed some path expressions with predicates and the result of the expressions:
下面的表格列举了一些使用了谓语的路径表达式以及其产生的结果：

路径表达式	结果
/bookstore/book[1]	Selects the first book element that is the child of the bookstore element[选择了bookstore里的第一个book元素]
/bookstore/book[last()]	Selects the last book element that is the child of the bookstore element[选择bookstore里最后一个book元素]
/bookstore/book[last()-1]	Selects the last but one book element that is the child of the bookstore element[bookstore中倒数第二个book元素]
/bookstore/book[position()<3]	Selects the first two book elements that are children of the bookstore element[在bookstore中前两个book元素]
//title[@lang]	Selects all the title elements that have an attribute named lang[选择所有含有lang属性的title元素]
//title[@lang='eng']	Selects all the title elements that have an attribute named lang with a value of 'eng'[选择所有含有lang属性并且值为eng的title元素]
/bookstore/book[price>35.00]	Selects all the book elements of the bookstore element that have a price element with a value greater than 35.00[选择所有bookstore中book元素里price元素内容大于35.00的book元素]
/bookstore/book[price>35.00]/title	Selects all the title elements of the book elements of the bookstore element that have a price element with a value greater than 35.00[选择bookstore中book的子元素title，并且其兄弟元素price的内容得大于35.00]

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---

Selecting Unknown Nodes(选择未知的节)

XPath wildcards can be used to select unknown XML elements.
XPath的通配符可以用来选择未知的XML元素

通配符	描述
*	Matches any element node[相吻合的所有元素节]
@*	Matches any attribute node[相吻合的所有属性节]
node()	Matches any node of any kind[吻合任何类型的节]

Examples实例

In the table below we have listed some path expressions and the result of the expressions:
下面的表格我们将列举一些路径表达式以及它们的结果

路径表达式	结果
/bookstore/*	Selects all the child nodes of the bookstore element[选择所有bookstore的子节]
//*	Selects all elements in the document[选择所有文档中的元素]
//title[@*]	Selects all title elements which have any attribute[选择元素为title并且其含有属性]

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Selecting Several Paths(选择数个路径)

By using the | operator in an XPath expression you can select several paths.
通过在XPath中使用 | 你可以选择数个路径

Examples(实例)

In the table below we have listed some path expressions and the result of the expressions:
下面的表格我们会列举一些路径表达式以及其结果：

路径表达	结果
//book/title | //book/price	Selects all the title AND price elements of all book elements[选择所有book里title和price元素]
//title | //price	Selects all the title AND price elements in the document[选择所有title和price元素]
/bookstore/book/title | //price	Selects all the title elements of the book element of the bookstore element AND all the price elements in the document[选择所有book里的title元素和所有price元素]