Android SparseArray替代HashMap

今天无意之中发现使用频繁的hashmap竟然也有performance黄色波浪线提示，就很好奇的看了下，结果发现一个从来没有使用过的类SparseArray，进入查看源码之后发现是android为提升hashmap的性能而写的替代类：

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2006 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package android.util;

import com.android.internal.util.ArrayUtils;

/**
 * SparseArrays map integers to Objects.  Unlike a normal array of Objects,
 * there can be gaps in the indices.  It is intended to be more efficient
 * than using a HashMap to map Integers to Objects.
 */
public class SparseArray<E> implements Cloneable {
    private static final Object DELETED = new Object();
    private boolean mGarbage = false;

    private int[] mKeys;
    private Object[] mValues;
    private int mSize;

    /**
     * Creates a new SparseArray containing no mappings.
     */
    public SparseArray() {
        this(10);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new SparseArray containing no mappings that will not
     * require any additional memory allocation to store the specified
     * number of mappings.
     */
    public SparseArray(int initialCapacity) {
        initialCapacity = ArrayUtils.idealIntArraySize(initialCapacity);

        mKeys = new int[initialCapacity];
        mValues = new Object[initialCapacity];
        mSize = 0;
    }

    @Override
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public SparseArray<E> clone() {
        SparseArray<E> clone = null;
        try {
            clone = (SparseArray<E>) super.clone();
            clone.mKeys = mKeys.clone();
            clone.mValues = mValues.clone();
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException cnse) {
            /* ignore */
        }
        return clone;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the Object mapped from the specified key, or <code>null</code>
     * if no such mapping has been made.
     */
    public E get(int key) {
        return get(key, null);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the Object mapped from the specified key, or the specified Object
     * if no such mapping has been made.
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public E get(int key, E valueIfKeyNotFound) {
        int i = binarySearch(mKeys, 0, mSize, key);

        if (i < 0 || mValues[i] == DELETED) {
            return valueIfKeyNotFound;
        } else {
            return (E) mValues[i];
        }
    }

    /**
     * Removes the mapping from the specified key, if there was any.
     */
    public void delete(int key) {
        int i = binarySearch(mKeys, 0, mSize, key);

        if (i >= 0) {
            if (mValues[i] != DELETED) {
                mValues[i] = DELETED;
                mGarbage = true;
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Alias for {@link #delete(int)}.
     */
    public void remove(int key) {
        delete(key);
    }

    /**
     * Removes the mapping at the specified index.
     */
    public void removeAt(int index) {
        if (mValues[index] != DELETED) {
            mValues[index] = DELETED;
            mGarbage = true;
        }
    }
    
    private void gc() {
        // Log.e("SparseArray", "gc start with " + mSize);

        int n = mSize;
        int o = 0;
        int[] keys = mKeys;
        Object[] values = mValues;

        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            Object val = values[i];

            if (val != DELETED) {
                if (i != o) {
                    keys[o] = keys[i];
                    values[o] = val;
                    values[i] = null;
                }

                o++;
            }
        }

        mGarbage = false;
        mSize = o;

        // Log.e("SparseArray", "gc end with " + mSize);
    }

    /**
     * Adds a mapping from the specified key to the specified value,
     * replacing the previous mapping from the specified key if there
     * was one.
     */
    public void put(int key, E value) {
        int i = binarySearch(mKeys, 0, mSize, key);

        if (i >= 0) {
            mValues[i] = value;
        } else {
            i = ~i;

            if (i < mSize && mValues[i] == DELETED) {
                mKeys[i] = key;
                mValues[i] = value;
                return;
            }

            if (mGarbage && mSize >= mKeys.length) {
                gc();

                // Search again because indices may have changed.
                i = ~binarySearch(mKeys, 0, mSize, key);
            }

            if (mSize >= mKeys.length) {
                int n = ArrayUtils.idealIntArraySize(mSize + 1);

                int[] nkeys = new int[n];
                Object[] nvalues = new Object[n];

                // Log.e("SparseArray", "grow " + mKeys.length + " to " + n);
                System.arraycopy(mKeys, 0, nkeys, 0, mKeys.length);
                System.arraycopy(mValues, 0, nvalues, 0, mValues.length);

                mKeys = nkeys;
                mValues = nvalues;
            }

            if (mSize - i != 0) {
                // Log.e("SparseArray", "move " + (mSize - i));
                System.arraycopy(mKeys, i, mKeys, i + 1, mSize - i);
                System.arraycopy(mValues, i, mValues, i + 1, mSize - i);
            }

            mKeys[i] = key;
            mValues[i] = value;
            mSize++;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of key-value mappings that this SparseArray
     * currently stores.
     */
    public int size() {
        if (mGarbage) {
            gc();
        }

        return mSize;
    }

    /**
     * Given an index in the range <code>0...size()-1</code>, returns
     * the key from the <code>index</code>th key-value mapping that this
     * SparseArray stores.  
     */
    public int keyAt(int index) {
        if (mGarbage) {
            gc();
        }

        return mKeys[index];
    }
    
    /**
     * Given an index in the range <code>0...size()-1</code>, returns
     * the value from the <code>index</code>th key-value mapping that this
     * SparseArray stores.  
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public E valueAt(int index) {
        if (mGarbage) {
            gc();
        }

        return (E) mValues[index];
    }

    /**
     * Given an index in the range <code>0...size()-1</code>, sets a new
     * value for the <code>index</code>th key-value mapping that this
     * SparseArray stores.  
     */
    public void setValueAt(int index, E value) {
        if (mGarbage) {
            gc();
        }

        mValues[index] = value;
    }
    
    /**
     * Returns the index for which {@link #keyAt} would return the
     * specified key, or a negative number if the specified
     * key is not mapped.
     */
    public int indexOfKey(int key) {
        if (mGarbage) {
            gc();
        }

        return binarySearch(mKeys, 0, mSize, key);
    }

    /**
     * Returns an index for which {@link #valueAt} would return the
     * specified key, or a negative number if no keys map to the
     * specified value.
     * Beware that this is a linear search, unlike lookups by key,
     * and that multiple keys can map to the same value and this will
     * find only one of them.
     */
    public int indexOfValue(E value) {
        if (mGarbage) {
            gc();
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < mSize; i++)
            if (mValues[i] == value)
                return i;

        return -1;
    }

    /**
     * Removes all key-value mappings from this SparseArray.
     */
    public void clear() {
        int n = mSize;
        Object[] values = mValues;

        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            values[i] = null;
        }

        mSize = 0;
        mGarbage = false;
    }

    /**
     * Puts a key/value pair into the array, optimizing for the case where
     * the key is greater than all existing keys in the array.
     */
    public void append(int key, E value) {
        if (mSize != 0 && key <= mKeys[mSize - 1]) {
            put(key, value);
            return;
        }

        if (mGarbage && mSize >= mKeys.length) {
            gc();
        }

        int pos = mSize;
        if (pos >= mKeys.length) {
            int n = ArrayUtils.idealIntArraySize(pos + 1);

            int[] nkeys = new int[n];
            Object[] nvalues = new Object[n];

            // Log.e("SparseArray", "grow " + mKeys.length + " to " + n);
            System.arraycopy(mKeys, 0, nkeys, 0, mKeys.length);
            System.arraycopy(mValues, 0, nvalues, 0, mValues.length);

            mKeys = nkeys;
            mValues = nvalues;
        }

        mKeys[pos] = key;
        mValues[pos] = value;
        mSize = pos + 1;
    }
    
    private static int binarySearch(int[] a, int start, int len, int key) {
        int high = start + len, low = start - 1, guess;

        while (high - low > 1) {
            guess = (high + low) / 2;

            if (a[guess] < key)
                low = guess;
            else
                high = guess;
        }

        if (high == start + len)
            return ~(start + len);
        else if (a[high] == key)
            return high;
        else
            return ~high;
    }
}

在网上查阅相关资料之后，原来这个类是一个稀疏数组的实现法：SparseArray指的是稀疏数组(Sparse array)，所谓稀疏数组就是数组中大部分的内容值都未被使用（或都为零），在数组中仅有少部分的空间使用。因此造成内存空间的浪费，为了节省内存空间，并且不影响数组中原有的内容值，我们可以采用一种压缩的方式来表示稀疏数组的内容。

假设有一个9*7的数组，其内容如下：

 

 

在此数组中，共有63个空间，但却只使用了5个元素，造成58个元素空间的浪费。以下我们就使用稀疏数组重新来定义这个数组：

 

 

其中在稀疏数组中第一部分所记录的是原数组的列数和行数以及元素使用的个数、第二部分所记录的是原数组中元素的位置和内容。经过压缩之后，原来需要声明大小为63的数组，而使用压缩后，只需要声明大小为6*3的数组，仅需18个存储空间。