pip安装超时“socket.timeout: The read operation timed out“

如下：

pip install -r requirements.txt -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

报错如下：

错误一：

ERROR: Exception:
......
socket.timeout: The read operation timed out
......
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line 442, in _error_catcher
    raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, "Read timed out.")
pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions.ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn', port=443): Read timed out.

错误二：

WARNING: Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'ReadTimeoutError("HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=15)")': /simple/certifi/

解决：

设置默认的超时时间

pip install -r requirements.txt -i https://pypi.tun