原型模式

原型模型(Prototype)

通过给出一个原型对象来指明所要创建的对象类型，然后用复制这个原型对象的办法创建出更多的同类型对象。
案例-简历问题
原代码

class Resume
{
	private String name;
	private String age;
	private String sex;
	private String timeArea;
	private String company;
	public Resume(String name)
	{
		this.name=name;
	}
	public void setPersonInfo(String sex,String age)
	{
		this.age=age;
		this.sex=sex;
	}
	public void setWorkExperience(String timeArea,String company)
	{
		this.timeArea=timeArea;
		this.company=company;
	}
	public void display()
	{
		System.out.println(name+" "+sex+" "+age);
		System.out.println("工作经历:"+timeArea+" "+company);
	}
}
public class main {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Resume a=new Resume("大鸟");
		a.setPersonInfo("男", "29");
		a.setWorkExperience("1998-2000", "XX公司");
		Resume b=new Resume("大鸟");
		b.setPersonInfo("男", "29");
		b.setWorkExperience("1998-2000", "XX公司");
		Resume c=new Resume("大鸟");
		c.setPersonInfo("男", "29");
		c.setWorkExperience("1998-2000", "XX公司");
		a.display();
		b.display();
		c.display();
	}
}

三份简历需要三次实例化。这样的客户端代码很麻烦，如果要20份。就需要改20次实例化。如果写错了个字，就要改20次。
（java原型模式有clone（）方法只需用java.lang.Cloneable）

import java.util.*;
import java.lang.*;

class Resume implements Cloneable
{
	private String name;
	private String age;
	private String sex;
	private String timeArea;
	private String company;
	public Resume(String name)
	{
		this.name=name;
	}
	public void setPersonInfo(String sex,String age)
	{
		this.age=age;
		this.sex=sex;
	}
	public void setWorkExperience(String timeArea,String company)
	{
		this.timeArea=timeArea;
		this.company=company;
	}
	public void display()
	{
		System.out.println(name+" "+sex+" "+age);
		System.out.println("工作经历:"+timeArea+" "+company);
	}
	public Resume clone()
	{
		try
		{
			return(Resume)super.clone();
		}catch(CloneNotSupportedException e)
		{
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return null;
	}
}
public class main {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Resume a=new Resume("大鸟");
		a.setPersonInfo("男", "29");
		a.setWorkExperience("1998-2000", "XX公司");
		Resume b=a.clone();
		b.setWorkExperience("1998-2006", "XX企业");
		Resume c=a.clone();
		c.setPersonInfo("男", "24");
		c.setWorkExperience("1998-2000", "XX公司");
		a.display();
		b.display();
		c.display();
	}
}

优点:

• 代码简洁。
• 性能很大提高。不用每次都初始化，而是动态获取对象运行时的状态。
  但是clone()方法复制字段，如果字段是值类型则逐位复制；如果是引用类型，则复制引用（地址）但不复制引用的对象。

class WorkExperience
{
	private String workdate;
	private String company;
	public String getWorkdate() {
		return workdate;
	}
	public void setWorkdate(String workdate) {
		this.workdate = workdate;
	}
	public String getCompany() {
		return company;
	}
	public void setCompany(String company) {
		this.company = company;
	}
	
}
class Resume implements Cloneable
{
	private String name;
	private String age;
	private String sex;
   private WorkExperience work=new WorkExperience();
	public Resume(String name)
	{
		this.name=name;
	}
	public void setPersonInfo(String sex,String age)
	{
		this.age=age;
		this.sex=sex;
	}
	public void setWorkExperience(String workdate,String company)
	{
		work.setWorkdate(workdate);
		work.setCompany(company);
	}
	public void display()
	{
		System.out.println(name+" "+sex+" "+age);
		System.out.println("工作经历:"+work.getWorkdate()+" "+work.getCompany());
	}
	public Resume clone()
	{
		try
		{
			return(Resume)super.clone();
		}catch(CloneNotSupportedException e)
		{
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return null;
	}
}
public class main {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Resume a=new Resume("大鸟");
		a.setPersonInfo("男", "29");
		a.setWorkExperience("1998-2000", "XX公司");
		Resume b=a.clone();
		b.setWorkExperience("1998-2006", "YY企业");
		Resume c=a.clone();
		c.setWorkExperience("1998-2003", "ZZ公司");
		a.display();
		b.display();
		c.display();//浅复制，只修改b和c的工作经历，三个经历都变成了最后设置的工作经历。工作经历类是引用类型。
	}
}

结果为

大鸟 男 29
工作经历:1998-2003 ZZ公司
大鸟 男 29
工作经历:1998-2003 ZZ公司
大鸟 男 29
工作经历:1998-2003 ZZ公司

这里需要把复制的对象所引用的对象都复制一遍，这种称为"深复制"。深复制把引用的对象的变量指向复制过的新对象，而不是原有的引用对象。
深复制：

class WorkExperience implements  Cloneable//抽象原型角色
{
	private String workdate;
	private String company;
	public String getWorkdate() {
		return workdate;
	}
	public void setWorkdate(String workdate) {
		this.workdate = workdate;
	}
	public String getCompany() {
		return company;
	}
	public void setCompany(String company) {
		this.company = company;
	}
	public WorkExperience clone()
	{
		try
		{
			return(WorkExperience)super.clone();

> super.clone()浅复制

		}catch(CloneNotSupportedException e)
		{
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return null;
	}
	
}
class Resume implements Cloneable//抽象原型角色
{
	private String name;
	private String age;
	private String sex;
   private WorkExperience work=new WorkExperience();
	public Resume(String name)
	{
		this.name=name;
	}
	public void setPersonInfo(String sex,String age)
	{
		this.age=age;
		this.sex=sex;
	}
	public void setWorkExperience(String workdate,String company)
	{
		work.setWorkdate(workdate);
		work.setCompany(company);
	}
	public void display()
	{
		System.out.println(name+" "+sex+" "+age);
		System.out.println("工作经历:"+work.getWorkdate()+" "+work.getCompany());
	}
	public Resume clone()
	{
		Resume obj=new Resume(name);
		obj.sex=this.sex;
		obj.age=this.age;
		obj.work=work.clone();//引用类型
		return obj;
	}
}
public class main {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Resume a=new Resume("大鸟");
		a.setPersonInfo("男", "29");
		a.setWorkExperience("1998-2000", "XX公司");
		Resume b=a.clone();
		b.setWorkExperience("1998-2006", "YY企业");
		Resume c=a.clone();
		c.setWorkExperience("1998-2003", "ZZ公司");
		a.display();
		b.display();
		c.display();
	
	}
}

克隆的实现方法：浅复制和深复制

浅复制只克隆按值传递的数据；
深复制除拷贝值之外还复制引用类型。