java 读取文件的几种方式

转自 https://www.cnblogs.com/ll409546297/p/7197911.html

字节流

1.InputStream、OutputStream

//读取文件(字节流)
        InputStream in = new FileInputStream("d:\\1.txt");
        //写入相应的文件
        OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("d:\\2.txt");
        //读取数据
        //一次性取多少字节
        byte[] bytes = new byte[2048];
        //接受读取的内容(n就代表的相关数据，只不过是数字的形式)
        int n = -1;
        //循环取出数据
        while ((n = in.read(bytes,0,bytes.length)) != -1) {
            //转换成字符串
            String str = new String(bytes,0,n,"GBK"); #这里可以实现字节到字符串的转换，比较实用
            System.out.println(str);
            //写入相关文件
            out.write(bytes, 0, n);
        }
        //关闭流
        in.close();
        out.close();

2. BufferedInputStream、BufferedOutputStream
   (缓存字节流）使用方式和字节流差不多，但是效率更高（推荐使用）

//读取文件(缓存字节流)
        BufferedInputStream in = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream("d:\\1.txt"));
        //写入相应的文件
        BufferedOutputStream out = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("d:\\2.txt"));
        //读取数据
        //一次性取多少字节
        byte[] bytes = new byte[2048];
        //接受读取的内容(n就代表的相关数据，只不过是数字的形式)
        int n = -1;
        //循环取出数据
        while ((n = in.read(bytes,0,bytes.length)) != -1) {
            //转换成字符串
            String str = new String(bytes,0,n,"GBK");
            System.out.println(str);
            //写入相关文件
            out.write(bytes, 0, n);
        }
        //清楚缓存
        out.flush();
        //关闭流
        in.close();
        out.close();

字符流

1.InputStreamReader、OutputStreamWriter
（字节流，这种方式不建议使用，不能直接字节长度读写）。使用范围用做字符转换。

//读取文件(字节流)
       InputStreamReader in = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("d:\\1.txt"),"GBK");
       //写入相应的文件
       OutputStreamWriter out = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("d:\\2.txt"));
       //读取数据
       //循环取出数据
       byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
       int len = -1;
       while ((len = in.read()) != -1) {
           System.out.println(len);
           //写入相关文件
           out.write(len);
       }
       //清楚缓存
       out.flush();
       //关闭流
       in.close();
       out.close();

2.BufferedReader、BufferedWriter
(缓存流，提供readLine方法读取一行文本).

//读取文件(字符流)
        BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("d:\\1.txt"),"GBK"));#这里主要是涉及中文
        //BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("d:\\1.txt")));
        //写入相应的文件
        BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("d:\\2.txt"),"GBK"));
        //BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("d:\\2.txt"))；
        //读取数据
        //循环取出数据
        String str = null;
        while ((str = in.readLine()) != null) {
            System.out.println(str);
            //写入相关文件
            out.write(str);
            out.newLine();
        }
        
        //清楚缓存
        out.flush();
        //关闭流
        in.close();
        out.close();

3. Reader、PrintWriter（PrintWriter这个很好用，在写数据的同事可以格式化）

//读取文件(字节流)
        Reader in = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("d:\\1.txt"),"GBK");
        //写入相应的文件
        PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter("d:\\2.txt"));
        //读取数据
        //循环取出数据
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        int len = -1;
        while ((len = in.read()) != -1) {
            System.out.println(len);
            //写入相关文件
            out.write(len);
        }
        //清楚缓存
        out.flush();
        //关闭流
        in.close();
        out.close();