Java 设计模式中相对容易理解的一种模式,生活中也很容易举出很多例子,
这种设计模式的应用场景为:Subject 被观察者发出某事件,通知观察者 Observer,观察者根据事件 Event 作出响应。
举个咖啡馆Cafe的例子,客户进来,要点餐,要结账,服务员会拿过来菜单,账单。
在实现这种模式的时候,一般抽象出三个角色,被观察者,观察者,事件。
观察者:将观察者抽象为interface接口,将观察者的行为抽象为一个个方法,具体观察者通过实现观察者接口,并实现这些方法,来赋予具体的行为。
被观察者:发出某些事件,将事件通知给观察者。
事件:事件里将被观察者作为成员对象,这样需要对原对象进行处理,或者使用原对象的方法时,可以从事件里获得事件原对象。
具体的可以参考下代码:
观察者接口:
public interface Service {
public void beCalled(CallWaiterEvent event);
}
被观察者:
public class Customer {
private String name;
private List<Service> waiters = new ArrayList<>();
/** 构造函数 */
public Customer(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void addWaiter(Waiter waiter) {
waiters.add(waiter);
}
/** 需要服务员结账 */
public void order() {
for (Service waiter : waiters) {
waiter.beCalled(new CallWaiterEvent("order", this));
}
}
public void checkout() {
for (Service waiter : waiters) {
waiter.beCalled(new CallWaiterEvent("check out", this));
}
}
public void callService() {
for (Service waiter : waiters) {
waiter.beCalled(new CallWaiterEvent("", this));
}
}
}
事件,需要服务员帮忙:
public class CallWaiterEvent {
private String name;
private Customer source;
public CallWaiterEvent(String name, Customer source) {
this.name = name;
this.source = source;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public Customer getSource() {
return source;
}
}
具体观察者,服务员:
public class Waiter implements Service{
private String name;
public Waiter(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public void beCalled(CallWaiterEvent event) {
Customer customer = event.getSource();
String eventName = event.getName();
System.out.println(customer.getName()+" will "+eventName);
if ("order".equals(eventName)) {
System.out.println("I'll bring the menu");
} else if ("check out".equals(eventName)) {
System.out.println("I'll bring the bill");
} else {
System.out.println("just a moment, " + name + " is coming");
}
}
}
咖啡馆:
public class Cafe {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Customer Cindy = new Customer("Cindy");
Waiter Bob = new Waiter("Bod");
Cindy.addWaiter(Bob);
Cindy.order();
Cindy.callService();
Cindy.checkout();
}
}
输出:
Cindy will order
I'll bring the menu
Cindy will
just a moment, Bod is coming
Cindy will check out
I'll bring the bill