jaxp对xml文档进行dom解析

dom和sax分别是java对xml文档进行解析的方法

各有优缺点:dom缺点->占用内存大，优点->便于进行增加，删除，修改等操作

sax缺点->不易进行增加，删除，修改等操作，优点：一行行读取，速度快，省内存

贴上一段代码：【book.xml】

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE 书架[
	<!ELEMENT 书架 (书+)>
	<!ELEMENT 书 (书名,作者,售价)>
	<!ELEMENT 书名 (#PCDATA)>
	<!ELEMENT 作者 (#PCDATA)>
	<!ELEMENT 售价 (#PCDATA)>
]>
<书架>
	<书>
		<书名>javaweb3.0</书名>
		<作者>songjia</作者>
		<售价>139.00</售价>
	</书>
	<书>
		<书名>javaweb2.0</书名>
		<作者>song</作者>
		<售价>120.00</售价>
	</书>
</书架>

java代码：

package day2;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.w3c.dom.DOMImplementation;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.xml.sax.EntityResolver;
import org.xml.sax.ErrorHandler;
import org.xml.sax.InputSource;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;

public class Demo3 {
	@Test
	public void read() throws SAXException, IOException, ParserConfigurationException{
		
		DocumentBuilderFactory factory=DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
		
		DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
		
		Document document = builder.parse("src/book.xml");
		
		NodeList list = document.getElementsByTagName("书名");
		
		Node node = list.item(0);
		
		String content = node.getTextContent();
		
		System.out.println(content);
	}

要解析到xml文档有三部曲：1创建解析器工厂DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();2由工厂创建解析器：factory.newDocumentBuilder ;3解析文档：builder.parse(文档名);

遍历  整个文档节点

@Test
	public void read2() throws SAXException, IOException, ParserConfigurationException{
		
		DocumentBuilderFactory factory=DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
		
		DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
		
		Document document = builder.parse("src/book.xml");
		
		//得到根节点
		Node root = document.getElementsByTagName("书架").item(0);
		
		list(root);
	}
	private void list(Node root) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		if(root instanceof Element){
			System.out.println(root.getNodeName());
		}
		NodeList list = root.getChildNodes();
		for(int i=0;i<list.getLength();i++){
			Node  child = list.item(i);
			//System.out.println(child.getNodeName());
			list(child);
		}
	}

list递归

在书中添加节点<售价>109.00</售价>

//为元素添加标签：书里<售价>109元</售价>
	@Test
	public void add() throws SAXException, IOException, ParserConfigurationException, TransformerException{
		DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
		DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
		Document document = builder.parse("src/book.xml");
		
		//创建节点
		Element e =document.createElement("售价");
		e.setTextContent("109元");
		//得到父节点
		Element book = (Element) document.getElementsByTagName("书").item(0);
		//把创建的节点加入到父节点中
		book.appendChild(e);
		//将更新后的内存写入原来的xml文档中
		TransformerFactory tfactory =TransformerFactory.newInstance();
		Transformer tranform=tfactory.newTransformer();
		tranform.transform(new DOMSource(document), new StreamResult(new File("src/book.xml")));
	}

首先创建要添加的节点，设置节点值，然后得到父节点，用appendChild();方法来添加节点，但是别忘了将更新后的内存写入到原来的xmlwendang中去。另外还有一个insertbefore(newChild,referChild)可以将新节点插入到referChild节点之前。

更新节点值：所谓更新就是在原有的值得基础上来从新设置一个值，节点用setTEXTcontent方法，属性用setValue方法

//修改节点值
	@Test
	public void updata() throws ParserConfigurationException, SAXException, IOException, TransformerException{
		DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
		DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
		Document document = builder.parse("src/book.xml");
		
		Element name = (Element) document.getElementsByTagName("书名").item(0);
		
		name.setTextContent("中国China");
		TransformerFactory tfactory =TransformerFactory.newInstance();
		Transformer tranform=tfactory.newTransformer();
		tranform.transform(new DOMSource(document), new StreamResult(new File("src/book.xml")));
	}

添加属性：首先要得到元素element即你要添加属性的element,然后对其使用setAttribute（属性名，属性值）方法

//给元素添加属性<书名 name="wangming">..</书名>
	@Test
	public void addAtt() throws ParserConfigurationException, SAXException, IOException, TransformerException{
		DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
		DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
		Document document = builder.parse("src/book.xml");
		
		Element bookname = (Element) document.getElementsByTagName("书名").item(0);
		
		bookname.setAttribute("name", "wangming");
		
		TransformerFactory tfactory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
		
		Transformer transformer = tfactory.newTransformer();
		transformer.transform(new DOMSource(document), new StreamResult(new File("src/book.xml")));
	}

删除节点：首先要得到节点，然后得到其父节点，用removeChild方法将其删除

@Test
	public void deledeNode() throws ParserConfigurationException, SAXException, IOException, TransformerException{
		DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
		DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
		Document document = builder.parse("src/book.xml");
		
		Element price = (Element) document.getElementsByTagName("售价").item(0);
		price.getParentNode().removeChild(price);

		TransformerFactory tfactory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
		
		Transformer transformer = tfactory.newTransformer();
		transformer.transform(new DOMSource(document), new StreamResult(new File("src/book.xml")));
	}

如果要想删除整个xml文档，可想而知，和删除节点一样，只不过把要删除的节点当成了根节点，用根节点的父亲去删除它。

可以看到这些这些代码中关于xnl读入和写出都是重复的，那我们为了减少代码，就会建立一个xmlUtils.java工具，类中方法都是静态方法即类方法，便于调用，如下：

public class XmlUtils {
	private static String fileName="src/book.xml";
	
	public static Document getDocument() throws Exception, Exception{
		DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
		DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
		return builder.parse(new File(fileName));
	}
	public static void writeToXml(Document document) throws Exception {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		TransformerFactory tfactory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
		Transformer t = tfactory.newTransformer();
		t.transform(new DOMSource(document), new StreamResult(new File("src/book.xml")));
	}
}