C++大学教程（第七版）Chapter22.5标准模板库-算法：Fig22_26.cpp

后面的几篇博客会讲STL的算法，这玩意看起来挺玄乎，其实就是一堆函数而已，没啥。

本文主要讲：

fill:把容器中一定范围内的元素设定为某一个值，参数是：开始，结束，数值

fill_n:把容器中一定范围内的元素设定为某一个值，参数是：开始，count，数值，就是从某个位置开始，设定n个值，n就是这个count。

generate:使用一个生成函数为容器中一定范围内的元素创建新的值。

generate_n:使用一个生成函数为容器中一定范围内的元素创建新的值。也是创建N个值。

// Fig22_26_STL_Algorithms_fill_generate.cpp : 此文件包含 "main" 函数。程序执行将在此处开始并结束。
//Standard library algorithms fill,fill_n,generate,generate_n.

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <iterator>

using namespace std;
char nextletter();//prototype of generator function

int main()
{
   // std::cout << "Hello World!\n";
	vector <char> chars(10);
	ostream_iterator <char> output(cout," ");
	std::fill(chars.begin(),chars.end(),'5');//fill chars with 5s
	cout << "Vector chars after filling with 5s:\n";
	std::copy(chars.begin(),chars.end(),output);

	//fill first five elements with A
	std::fill_n(chars.begin(),5,'A');

	cout << "\n\nVector chars after filling five elements with As:\n";
	std::copy(chars.begin(), chars.end(), output);
	//**************************************//
	//generate values for all elements of chars with nextletter
	std::generate(chars.begin(),chars.end(),nextletter);
	cout << "\n\nVector chars after generating letters A----J:\n";
	std::copy(chars.begin(), chars.end(), output);//A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,
	//generate values for first five elements of chars with nextletter
	std::generate_n(chars.begin(),5,nextletter);
	cout << "\n\nVector chars after generating K----O for the first five elements:\n";
	std::copy(chars.begin(), chars.end(), output);
	cout << endl;
}//end main()
char nextletter()
{
	static char letter = 'A';
	return letter++;
}//end function nextletter

运行结果：
 

Vector chars after filling with 5s:
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

Vector chars after filling five elements with As:
A A A A A 5 5 5 5 5

Vector chars after generating letters A----J:
A B C D E F G H I J

Vector chars after generating K----O for the first five elements:
K L M N O F G H I J