C++Primer(第五版)Sales_item.h源码

/*
 * This file contains code from "C++ Primer, Fifth Edition", by Stanley B.
 * Lippman, Josee Lajoie, and Barbara E. Moo, and is covered under the
 * copyright and warranty notices given in that book:
 *
 * "Copyright (c) 2013 by Objectwrite, Inc., Josee Lajoie, and Barbara E. Moo."
 *
 *
 * "The authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this book,
 * but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no
 * responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for
 * incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the
 * use of the information or programs contained herein."
 *
 * Permission is granted for this code to be used for educational purposes in
 * association with the book, given proper citation if and when posted or
 * reproduced.Any commercial use of this code requires the explicit written
 * permission of the publisher, Addison-Wesley Professional, a division of
 * Pearson Education, Inc. Send your request for permission, stating clearly
 * what code you would like to use, and in what specific way, to the following
 * address:
 *
 *     Pearson Education, Inc.
 *     Rights and Permissions Department
 *     One Lake Street
 *     Upper Saddle River, NJ  07458
 *     Fax: (201) 236-3290
*/

/* This file defines the Sales_item class used in chapter 1.
 * The code used in this file will be explained in
 * Chapter 7 (Classes) and Chapter 14 (Overloaded Operators)
 * Readers shouldn't try to understand the code in this file
 * until they have read those chapters.
*/

#ifndef SALESITEM_H
// we're here only if SALESITEM_H has not yet been defined
#define SALESITEM_H

// Definition of Sales_item class and related functions goes here
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

class Sales_item {
// these declarations are explained section 7.2.1, p. 270
// and in chapter 14, pages 557, 558, 561
  friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream&, Sales_item&);
  friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, const Sales_item&);
  friend bool operator<(const Sales_item&, const Sales_item&);
  friend bool
  operator==(const Sales_item&, const Sales_item&);
 public:
  // constructors are explained in section 7.1.4, pages 262 - 265
  // default constructor needed to initialize members of built-in type
#if defined(IN_CLASS_INITS) && defined(DEFAULT_FCNS)
  Sales_item() = default;
#else
  Sales_item(): units_sold(0), revenue(0.0) { }
#endif
  Sales_item(const std::string &book):
      bookNo(book), units_sold(0), revenue(0.0) { }
  Sales_item(std::istream &is) { is >> *this; }
 public:
  // operations on Sales_item objects
  // member binary operator: left-hand operand bound to implicit this pointer
  Sales_item& operator+=(const Sales_item&);

  // operations on Sales_item objects
  std::string isbn() const { return bookNo; }
  double avg_price() const;
// private members as before
 private:
  std::string bookNo;      // implicitly initialized to the empty string
#ifdef IN_CLASS_INITS
  unsigned units_sold = 0; // explicitly initialized
    double revenue = 0.0;
#else
  unsigned units_sold;
  double revenue;
#endif
};

// used in chapter 10
inline
bool compareIsbn(const Sales_item &lhs, const Sales_item &rhs)
{ return lhs.isbn() == rhs.isbn(); }

// nonmember binary operator: must declare a parameter for each operand
Sales_item operator+(const Sales_item&, const Sales_item&);

inline bool
operator==(const Sales_item &lhs, const Sales_item &rhs)
{
  // must be made a friend of Sales_item
  return lhs.units_sold == rhs.units_sold &&
      lhs.revenue == rhs.revenue &&
      lhs.isbn() == rhs.isbn();
}

inline bool
operator!=(const Sales_item &lhs, const Sales_item &rhs)
{
  return !(lhs == rhs); // != defined in terms of operator==
}

// assumes that both objects refer to the same ISBN
Sales_item& Sales_item::operator+=(const Sales_item& rhs)
{
  units_sold += rhs.units_sold;
  revenue += rhs.revenue;
  return *this;
}

// assumes that both objects refer to the same ISBN
Sales_item
operator+(const Sales_item& lhs, const Sales_item& rhs)
{
  Sales_item ret(lhs);  // copy (|lhs|) into a local object that we'll return
  ret += rhs;           // add in the contents of (|rhs|)
  return ret;           // return (|ret|) by value
}

std::istream&
operator>>(std::istream& in, Sales_item& s)
{
  double price;
  in >> s.bookNo >> s.units_sold >> price;
  // check that the inputs succeeded
  if (in)
    s.revenue = s.units_sold * price;
  else
    s = Sales_item();  // input failed: reset object to default state
  return in;
}

std::ostream&
operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Sales_item& s)
{
  out << s.isbn() << " " << s.units_sold << " "
      << s.revenue << " " << s.avg_price();
  return out;
}

double Sales_item::avg_price() const
{
  if (units_sold)
    return revenue/units_sold;
  else
    return 0;
}
#endif