538. Convert BST to Greater Tree

Given a Binary Search Tree (BST), convert it to a Greater Tree such that every key of the original BST is changed to the original key plus sum of all keys greater than the original key in BST.

Input: The root of a Binary Search Tree like this:
              5
            /   \
           2     13

Output: The root of a Greater Tree like this:
             18
            /   \
          20     13

/**

 *Definition for a binary tree node.

 *struct TreeNode {

 *    int val;

 *    TreeNode *left;

 *    TreeNode *right;

 *     TreeNode(intx) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}

 * };

 */

方法一：我的笨拙的方法

class Solution {

public:

   TreeNode* convertBST(TreeNode* root) {

       if(root==NULL)

        {

            return NULL;

        }

        int sum=sumBST(root);

       stack<TreeNode*>s;

       TreeNode* pcurr=root;

 

       while(!s.empty()||pcurr!=NULL)

       {

           while(pcurr!=NULL)

           {

                s.push(pcurr);

                pcurr=pcurr->left;

           }

           if(!s.empty())

           {

                pcurr=s.top();

                s.pop();

                sum=sum-(pcurr->val);

                pcurr->val+=sum;//+=,别把符号写错了。要不然很费劲的

                pcurr=pcurr->right;

           }

       }

       return root;

    }

    int sumBST(TreeNode* root)//先求出所有节点之和

    {

        if(root==NULL)

        {

            return 0;

        }

        return sumBST(root->left)+sumBST(root->right)+root->val;

    }

};

方法二：递归版本

中序遍历，采用先遍历右子树的方法，在遍历左子树。真他妈的巧妙，我的思维还一直停在固有思维上（先遍历左子树后遍历右子树），其实可以想象，当采用中序遍历时，若采用先遍历右子树后遍历左子树，则得到的序列是从大到小的序列。很方便计算出比当前节点大的节点值之和。

class Solution {

public:

   TreeNode* convertBST(TreeNode* root) {

       int sum=0;

       conver(root,sum);

       return root;

    }

    void conver(TreeNode* root,int &sum)

    {

        if(root==NULL)

        {

            return;

        }

        conver(root->right,sum);

        root->val+=sum;

        sum=root->val;

        conver(root->left,sum);

    }

};

方法三：优化版本：非递归

对root所指二叉树的节点指向有效。

class Solution {

public:

   TreeNode* convertBST(TreeNode* root) {

       if(root==NULL)

        {

            return NULL;

        }

        int sum=0;

       stack<TreeNode*>s;

       TreeNode* pcurr=root;

 

       while(!s.empty()||pcurr!=NULL)

       {

           while(pcurr!=NULL)

           {

                s.push(pcurr);

                pcurr=pcurr->right;//先处理右子树，后处理左子树

           }

           if(!s.empty())

           {

                pcurr=s.top();

                s.pop();

                pcurr->val+=sum;//+=,别把符号写错了。要不然很费劲的

               sum=pcurr->val;

                pcurr=pcurr->left;

           }

       }

       return root;

    }

};

结果：对中序遍历，理解更深了。