从C开始-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/supnumb/article/details/1715223

学习和研究计算机科学，尤其是在windows的环境下学习和研究计算机科学，永远也绕不过去的两道坎就是C和C++；

C和C++是一种知识和这种知识的延伸。所以，从C开始------没错；

基于以前在C#下的编程经验，捡起C语言开始并不困难，快速的浏览了编程语言的通有的一些知识,数据类型、运算符、表达式、语句、循环、分支、跳转、输入输出等。函数隔过去没看。重点看了一下C的数组和指针、内存管理等。对应用程序内存的管理和分配有了些新的认识，这种感觉是在.net/java 一类的语言使用过程中体会不到的。建议有C#经验和正在从事C#编程的同行们抽空研读一下C下的Malloc()、Calloc()、free()、memset()和memcpy()等，应该会有新的收获。

学习程序，最好的方法是读代码并调试通过它。下面这段程序是我用来学习C研究的一个sample，是关于用C语言转换Jpeg文件到bmp文件的。后面会边学习边整理这段程序。

这段程序用到了些数学知识，参见：http://blog.csdn.net/supnumb/archive/2007/07/28/1714549.aspx

main.cpp文件

// JpegToBmp.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application.
//
// #ifndef __JPEGDEC_H__
// #define __JPEGDEC_H__

#include " stdafx.h "

// BEGINNING OF HEADERS
/

#include < stdio.h >
#include < stdlib.h >
#include < string .h >

#define BYTE unsigned char
#define WORD unsigned short int

#define DWORD unsigned int
#define SDWORD signed int

#define SBYTE signed char
#define SWORD signed short int

int load_JPEG_header(FILE * fp, DWORD * X_image, DWORD * Y_image);
void decode_JPEG_image();
int get_JPEG_buffer(WORD X_image,WORD Y_image, BYTE ** address_dest_buffer);

// #endif

/
// BEGINNING OF PROGRAM SOURCE
//

// #include "jpegdec.h"
#include < conio.h >
#include < time.h >
char * FileName = " image.jpg " ;
extern char error_string[ 90 ];

typedef struct s_BM_header {
              WORD BMP_id ; // 'B''M'
              DWORD size; // size in bytes of the BMP file
              DWORD zero_res; // 0
              DWORD offbits; // 54
              DWORD biSize; // 0x28
              DWORD Width;   // X
              DWORD Height;   // Y
              WORD  biPlanes; // 1
              WORD  biBitCount ; // 24
              DWORD biCompression; // 0 = BI_RGB
              DWORD biSizeImage; // 0
              DWORD biXPelsPerMeter; // 0xB40
              DWORD biYPelsPerMeter; // 0xB40
              DWORD biClrUsed; // 0
              DWORD biClrImportant; // 0
} BM_header;
typedef struct s_RGB {
             BYTE B;
             BYTE G;
             BYTE R;
} RGB;

// ==============================================================
//
// 打印错误消息
//
// ==============================================================
void exitmessage( char * message)
{
    printf( " %s " ,message);exit( 0 );
}

// ==============================================================
//
// 写入bmp文件
//
// ==============================================================
void write_buf_to_BMP(BYTE * im_buffer, WORD X_bitmap, WORD Y_bitmap, char * BMPname)
{
    SWORD x,y;
    RGB * pixel;
    BM_header BH;
    FILE * fp_bitmap;
    DWORD im_loc_bytes;
    BYTE nr_fillingbytes, i;
    BYTE zero_byte = 0 ;

    fp_bitmap = fopen(BMPname, " wb " );
     if (fp_bitmap == NULL) exitmessage( " File cannot be created " );

     if (X_bitmap % 4 != 0 ) nr_fillingbytes = 4 - ((X_bitmap * 3L ) % 4 );
     else nr_fillingbytes = 0 ;

    BH.BMP_id = ' M ' * 256 + ' B ' ;
    fwrite( & BH.BMP_id, 2 , 1 ,fp_bitmap);

    BH.size = 54 + Y_bitmap * (X_bitmap * 3 + nr_fillingbytes);
    fwrite( & BH.size, 4 , 1 ,fp_bitmap);

    BH.zero_res = 0 ;
    fwrite( & BH.zero_res, 4 , 1 ,fp_bitmap);

    BH.offbits = 54 ;
    fwrite( & BH.offbits, 4 , 1 ,fp_bitmap);

    BH.biSize = 0x28 ;
    fwrite( & BH.biSize, 4 , 1 ,fp_bitmap);

    BH.Width = X_bitmap;
    fwrite( & BH.Width, 4 , 1 ,fp_bitmap);

    BH.Height = Y_bitmap;
    fwrite( & BH.Height, 4 , 1 ,fp_bitmap);

    BH.biPlanes = 1 ;
    fwrite( & BH.biPlanes, 2 , 1 ,fp_bitmap);

    BH.biBitCount = 24 ;
    fwrite( & BH.biBitCount, 2 , 1 ,fp_bitmap);

    BH.biCompression = 0 ;
    fwrite( & BH.biCompression, 4 , 1 ,fp_bitmap);

    BH.biSizeImage = 0 ;
    fwrite( & BH.biSizeImage, 4 , 1 ,fp_bitmap);

    BH.biXPelsPerMeter = 0xB40 ;
    fwrite( & BH.biXPelsPerMeter, 4 , 1 ,fp_bitmap);

    BH.biYPelsPerMeter = 0xB40 ;
    fwrite( & BH.biYPelsPerMeter, 4 , 1 ,fp_bitmap);

    BH.biClrUsed = 0 ;
    fwrite( & BH.biClrUsed, 4 , 1 ,fp_bitmap);

    BH.biClrImportant = 0 ;
    fwrite( & BH.biClrImportant, 4 , 1 ,fp_bitmap);

    printf( " Writing bitmap ... " );
    im_loc_bytes = (DWORD)im_buffer + ((DWORD)Y_bitmap - 1 ) * X_bitmap * 4 ;

     for (y = 0 ;y < Y_bitmap;y ++ )
    {
         for (x = 0 ;x < X_bitmap;x ++ )
        {
            pixel = (RGB * )im_loc_bytes;
            fwrite(pixel, 3 , 1 , fp_bitmap);
            im_loc_bytes += 4 ;
        }

         for (i = 0 ;i < nr_fillingbytes;i ++ )
            fwrite( & zero_byte, 1 , 1 ,fp_bitmap);

        im_loc_bytes -= 2L * X_bitmap * 4 ;
    }

    printf( " Done. " );
    fclose(fp_bitmap);
}

// ==============================================================
//
// 控件台入品函数
//
// ==============================================================
void main( int argc, char * argv[])
{
    FILE * fp;
    DWORD X_image, Y_image;
    BYTE * our_image_buffer;
    clock_t start_time, finish_time;
     float duration;

     if (argc <= 1 )
        fp = fopen(FileName, " rb " );
     else
        fp = fopen(argv[ 1 ], " rb " );

     if (fp == NULL)
        exitmessage( " File not found ? " );

     if ( ! load_JPEG_header(fp, & X_image, & Y_image))
    {
        exitmessage(error_string);
         return ;
    }

    fclose(fp);

    printf( " X_image = %d " ,X_image);
    printf( " Y_image = %d " ,Y_image);

    printf( " Decoding JPEG image... " );

     // main decoder
    start_time = clock();

     // 解压缩文件
    decode_JPEG_image();

    printf( " Decoding finished. " );

    finish_time = clock();

    duration = ( double )(finish_time - start_time) / CLK_TCK;

    printf( " Time elapsed: %2.1f seconds " , duration );

     if ( ! get_JPEG_buffer(X_image,Y_image, & our_image_buffer))
    {
        exitmessage(error_string);
         return ;
    }

     // 写入bmp文件
    write_buf_to_BMP(our_image_buffer,X_image,Y_image, " image.bmp " );

    getch();
}