base64编码，C语言实现

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前言

base64是一种编码方案，将二进制字节流编码成可显示字符，其中可显示字符有64种，如下表所示。

在http头，JSON等格式中，要求必须为可显示字符，如果想将二进制字节流加入http头或JSON中可将其用base64转换成字符后加入到协议中。

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一、编码表

值	对应base64字符	值	对应base64字符	值	对应base64字符
0x0	A	26	a	52	0
0x1	B	27	b	53	1
…	C		c		2
	D		d		3
	E		e		4
	F		f		5
	G		g		6
	H		h		7
	I		i		8
	J		j		9
	K		k		+
	L		l	63	/
	M		m
	N		n
	O		o
	P		p
	Q		q
	R		r
	S		s
	T		t
	U		u
	V		v
	W		w
	X		x
	Y		y
25	Z		z

不足的用’='代替

二、实现

欢迎指出程序中的bug

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdbool.h>

bool encode_base64(const char* src, int s_len, char* dest, int* d_len)
{
    static unsigned char table[] = {
        65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90,
        97, 98, 99, 100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,
        '0', 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, '+', '/',
    };
    if ( *d_len < ((s_len + 2) / 3 * 4) + 1 ) return false;
    int round_len = s_len / 3 * 3;
    *d_len = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i+2 < round_len; i += 3)
    {
        dest[(*d_len)++] = table[src[i] >> 2];
        dest[(*d_len)++] = table[ ((src[i]&0x03) << 4) | ((src[i+1]&0xF0) >> 4) ];
        dest[(*d_len)++] = table[ ((src[i+1]&0x0F) << 2) | ((src[i+2]&0xC0) >> 6) ];
        dest[(*d_len)++] = table[ src[i+2]&0x3F ];
    }
    if (s_len - round_len == 2) {
        dest[(*d_len)++] = table[src[round_len] >> 2];
        dest[(*d_len)++] = table[ ((src[round_len]&0x03) << 4) | ((src[round_len+1]&0xF0) >> 4) ];
        dest[(*d_len)++] = table[ ((src[round_len+1]&0x0F) << 2) ];
        dest[(*d_len)++] = '=';
    } else if (s_len - round_len == 1) {
        dest[(*d_len)++] = table[src[round_len] >> 2];
        dest[(*d_len)++] = table[ ((src[round_len]&0x03) << 4) ];
        dest[(*d_len)++] = '=';
        dest[(*d_len)++] = '=';
    }
    dest[*d_len] = '\0';
    return true;
}
static inline bool not_in_base64(unsigned char ch)
{
    if (ch == '=' || ch == 43 || (ch >= 47 && ch <= 57) || (ch >= 65 && ch <= 90) || (ch >= 97 && ch <= 122)) return false;
    return true;
}
bool decode_base64(const char* src, int s_len, char* dest, int* d_len)
{
    static unsigned char table[] = {
        0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
        62/* 43 '+' */, 0,0,0, 63/* 47 '/' */, 52/* 48 '0' */, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61,
        0,0,0,0,0,0,0/* 64 */,
        0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25/* 90 */,
        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0/* 96 */,
        26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33,34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51/* 122 */,
    };
    if (s_len % 4 != 0) return false;
    *d_len = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i + 4 <= s_len; i += 4)
    {
        if (not_in_base64(src[i  ])) return false;
        if (not_in_base64(src[i+1])) return false;
        if (not_in_base64(src[i+2])) return false;
        if (not_in_base64(src[i+3])) return false;
        dest[(*d_len)++] = (table[src[i]] << 2) | (table[src[i+1]] >> 4);
        dest[(*d_len)++] = (table[src[i+1]] << 4) | (table[src[i+2]] >> 2);
        dest[(*d_len)++] = (table[src[i+2]] << 6) | (table[src[i+3]]);
    }
    if ('=' == src[s_len-1]) --(*d_len);
    if ('=' == src[s_len-2]) --(*d_len);
    return true;
}