【学习记录】Session讲解

1.什么是Session？

• 服务器会给每一个用户（浏览器）创建一个Session对象；
• 一个Session独占一个浏览器，只要浏览器没有关闭，这个Session就存在；
• 用户登陆之后，整个网站他都可以访问！（保存用户的信息，保存购物车的信息…）

2.Session与Cookie的区别

• Cookie是把用户的数据写给用户的浏览器，浏览器保存（可以保存多个）
• Session把用户的数据写到用户独占的Session中，服务端保存（保存重要的信息，减少服务器资源的浪费）
• Session对象由服务创建

3.使用场景

• 保存一个登录用户的信息
• 购物车信息
• 在整个网站中经常会使用的数据，我们将它保存在Session中

4.使用例

public class SessionServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //解决乱码
        req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        //得到Session
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        //往Session中存东西
        session.setAttribute("name",new Person("老王",1));
        //获取Session中的ID
        String sessionId = session.getId();
        //判断Session是不是新创建
        if (session.isNew()){
            resp.getWriter().write("session创建成功，id："+sessionId);
        }else{
            resp.getWriter().write("session已经存在，id："+sessionId);
        }
    }
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

public class SessionServlet1 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //解决乱码
        req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        //得到Session
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        Person person = (Person) session.getAttribute("name");
        System.out.println(person.toString());
    }
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

public class SessionServlet2 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        session.removeAttribute("name");
        session.invalidate();//手动注销session
    }
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>SessionServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.young.servlet.SessionServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>SessionServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/s</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>SessionServlet1</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.young.servlet.SessionServlet1</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>SessionServlet1</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/s1</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>SessionServlet2</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.young.servlet.SessionServlet2</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>SessionServlet2</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/s2</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

5.会话自动过期

  <!-- 在web.xml中设置Session默认失效时间 -->
  <session-config>
    <!-- 1分钟后Session自动失效，以分钟为单位 -->
    <session-timeout>1</session-timeout>
  </session-config>