低功耗蓝牙4.0BLE编程- nrf51822开发板开发(2)

首先看的示例是心率计一个示例程序：<KEIL path> \ARM\Device\Nordic\nrf51822\Board\pca10001\s110\ble_app_hrs\arm。

    打开工程前需要下载蓝牙协议栈S110 nRF51822 SoftDevice（s110_nrf51822_6.0.0_softdevice.hex）到板子中，这个手册上有说明。

    首先看的是main.c中的main函数：

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1. /***************************************************************************** 
2. * Main Function 
3. *****************************************************************************/  
4.   
5. /**@brief Function for the application main entry. 
6.  */  
7. int main(void)  
8. {  
9.     uint32_t err_code;  
10.   
11.     timers_init();  
12.     gpiote_init();  
13.     buttons_init();  
14.     ble_stack_init();  
15.     bond_manager_init();  
16.   
17.     // Initialize Bluetooth Stack parameters  
18.     gap_params_init();  
19.     advertising_init();  
20.     services_init();  
21.     conn_params_init();  
22.     sec_params_init();  
23.   
24.     // Start advertising   
25.     advertising_start();  
26.   
27.     // Enter main loop   
28.     for (;;)  
29.     {  
30.         // Switch to a low power state until an event is available for the application  
31.         err_code = sd_app_evt_wait();  
32.         APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);  
33.     }  
34. }  

/*****************************************************************************
* Main Function
*****************************************************************************/

/**@brief Function for the application main entry.
 */
int main(void)
{
    uint32_t err_code;

    timers_init();
    gpiote_init();
    buttons_init();
    ble_stack_init();
    bond_manager_init();

    // Initialize Bluetooth Stack parameters
    gap_params_init();
    advertising_init();
    services_init();
    conn_params_init();
    sec_params_init();

    // Start advertising
    advertising_start();

    // Enter main loop
    for (;;)
    {
        // Switch to a low power state until an event is available for the application
        err_code = sd_app_evt_wait();
        APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
    }
}

它很简洁：初始化->start->loop。

(1)Timer初始化

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1. /**@brief Function for the Timer initialization. 
2.  * 
3. * @details Initializes the timer module. This creates and starts application timers. 
4. */  
5. static void timers_init(void)  
6. {  
7.     uint32_t err_code;  
8.   
9.     // Initialize timer module  
10.     APP_TIMER_INIT(APP_TIMER_PRESCALER, APP_TIMER_MAX_TIMERS, APP_TIMER_OP_QUEUE_SIZE, false);  
11.   
12.     // Create timers   
13.     err_code = app_timer_create(&m_battery_timer_id,  
14.                                 APP_TIMER_MODE_REPEATED,  
15.                                 battery_level_meas_timeout_handler);  
16.     APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);  
17.   
18.     err_code = app_timer_create(&m_heart_rate_timer_id,  
19.                                 APP_TIMER_MODE_REPEATED,  
20.                                 heart_rate_meas_timeout_handler);  
21.     APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);  
22. }  

/**@brief Function for the Timer initialization.
 *
* @details Initializes the timer module. This creates and starts application timers.
*/
static void timers_init(void)
{
    uint32_t err_code;

    // Initialize timer module
    APP_TIMER_INIT(APP_TIMER_PRESCALER, APP_TIMER_MAX_TIMERS, APP_TIMER_OP_QUEUE_SIZE, false);

    // Create timers
    err_code = app_timer_create(&m_battery_timer_id,
                                APP_TIMER_MODE_REPEATED,
                                battery_level_meas_timeout_handler);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    err_code = app_timer_create(&m_heart_rate_timer_id,
                                APP_TIMER_MODE_REPEATED,
                                heart_rate_meas_timeout_handler);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}

使用app_timer_create创建了两个时钟，处理函数分别是battery_level_meas_timeout_handler和heart_rate_meas_timeout_handler。

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1. /**@brief Function for handling the Battery measurement timer timeout. 
2.  * 
3.  * @details This function will be called each time the battery level measurement timer expires. 
4.  *          This function will start the ADC. 
5.  * 
6.  * @param[in]   p_context   Pointer used for passing some arbitrary information (context) from the 
7.  *                          app_start_timer() call to the timeout handler. 
8.  */  
9. static void battery_level_meas_timeout_handler(void * p_context)  
10. {  
11.     UNUSED_PARAMETER(p_context);  
12.     battery_start();  
13. }  
14.   
15.   
16. /**@brief Function for handling the Heart rate measurement timer timeout. 
17.  * 
18.  * @details This function will be called each time the heart rate measurement timer expires. 
19.  *          It will exclude RR Interval data from every third measurement. 
20.  * 
21.  * @param[in]   p_context   Pointer used for passing some arbitrary information (context) from the 
22.  *                          app_start_timer() call to the timeout handler. 
23.  */  
24. static void heart_rate_meas_timeout_handler(void * p_context)  
25. {  
26.     uint32_t err_code;  
27.   
28.     UNUSED_PARAMETER(p_context);  
29.   
30.     err_code = ble_hrs_heart_rate_measurement_send(&m_hrs, m_cur_heart_rate);  
31.   
32.     if (  
33.         (err_code != NRF_SUCCESS)  
34.         &&  
35.         (err_code != NRF_ERROR_INVALID_STATE)  
36.         &&  
37.         (err_code != BLE_ERROR_NO_TX_BUFFERS)  
38.         &&  
39.         (err_code != BLE_ERROR_GATTS_SYS_ATTR_MISSING)  
40.     )  
41.     {  
42.         APP_ERROR_HANDLER(err_code);  
43.     }  
44. }  

/**@brief Function for handling the Battery measurement timer timeout.
 *
 * @details This function will be called each time the battery level measurement timer expires.
 *          This function will start the ADC.
 *
 * @param[in]   p_context   Pointer used for passing some arbitrary information (context) from the
 *                          app_start_timer() call to the timeout handler.
 */
static void battery_level_meas_timeout_handler(void * p_context)
{
    UNUSED_PARAMETER(p_context);
    battery_start();
}


/**@brief Function for handling the Heart rate measurement timer timeout.
 *
 * @details This function will be called each time the heart rate measurement timer expires.
 *          It will exclude RR Interval data from every third measurement.
 *
 * @param[in]   p_context   Pointer used for passing some arbitrary information (context) from the
 *                          app_start_timer() call to the timeout handler.
 */
static void heart_rate_meas_timeout_handler(void * p_context)
{
    uint32_t err_code;

    UNUSED_PARAMETER(p_context);

    err_code = ble_hrs_heart_rate_measurement_send(&m_hrs, m_cur_heart_rate);

    if (
        (err_code != NRF_SUCCESS)
        &&
        (err_code != NRF_ERROR_INVALID_STATE)
        &&
        (err_code != BLE_ERROR_NO_TX_BUFFERS)
        &&
        (err_code != BLE_ERROR_GATTS_SYS_ATTR_MISSING)
    )
    {
        APP_ERROR_HANDLER(err_code);
    }
}

时钟创建后并不会自动运行，当调用application_timers_start后时钟开始运行：

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1. /**@brief Function for starting the application timers. 
2.  */  
3. static void application_timers_start(void)  
4. {  
5.     uint32_t err_code;  
6.   
7.     // Start application timers  
8.     err_code = app_timer_start(m_battery_timer_id, BATTERY_LEVEL_MEAS_INTERVAL, NULL);  
9.     APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);  
10.   
11.     err_code = app_timer_start(m_heart_rate_timer_id, HEART_RATE_MEAS_INTERVAL, NULL);  
12.     APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);  
13. }  

/**@brief Function for starting the application timers.
 */
static void application_timers_start(void)
{
    uint32_t err_code;

    // Start application timers
    err_code = app_timer_start(m_battery_timer_id, BATTERY_LEVEL_MEAS_INTERVAL, NULL);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    err_code = app_timer_start(m_heart_rate_timer_id, HEART_RATE_MEAS_INTERVAL, NULL);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}

services_init()初始化程序中的三个服务：ble_dis.c, ble_bas.c, ble_hrs.c。

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1. /**@brief Function for initializing the services that will be used by the application. 
2.  * 
3.  * @details Initialize the Heart Rate, Battery and Device Information services. 
4.  */  
5. static void services_init(void)  
6. {  
7.     uint32_t       err_code;  
8.     ble_hrs_init_t hrs_init;  
9.     ble_bas_init_t bas_init;  
10.     ble_dis_init_t dis_init;  
11.     uint8_t        body_sensor_location;  
12.   
13.     // Initialize Heart Rate Service  
14.     body_sensor_location = BLE_HRS_BODY_SENSOR_LOCATION_FINGER;  
15.   
16.     memset(&hrs_init, 0, sizeof(hrs_init));  
17.       
18.     hrs_init.is_sensor_contact_supported = false;  
19.     hrs_init.p_body_sensor_location      = &body_sensor_location;  
20.   
21.     // Here the sec level for the Heart Rate Service can be changed/increased.  
22.     BLE_GAP_CONN_SEC_MODE_SET_OPEN(&hrs_init.hrs_hrm_attr_md.cccd_write_perm);  
23.     BLE_GAP_CONN_SEC_MODE_SET_NO_ACCESS(&hrs_init.hrs_hrm_attr_md.read_perm);  
24.     BLE_GAP_CONN_SEC_MODE_SET_NO_ACCESS(&hrs_init.hrs_hrm_attr_md.write_perm);  
25.   
26.     BLE_GAP_CONN_SEC_MODE_SET_OPEN(&hrs_init.hrs_bsl_attr_md.read_perm);  
27.     BLE_GAP_CONN_SEC_MODE_SET_NO_ACCESS(&hrs_init.hrs_bsl_attr_md.write_perm);  
28.   
29.     err_code = ble_hrs_init(&m_hrs, &hrs_init);  
30.     APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);  
31.   
32.     // Initialize Battery Service   
33.     memset(&bas_init, 0, sizeof(bas_init));  
34.   
35.     // Here the sec level for the Battery Service can be changed/increased.  
36.     BLE_GAP_CONN_SEC_MODE_SET_OPEN(&bas_init.battery_level_char_attr_md.cccd_write_perm);  
37.     BLE_GAP_CONN_SEC_MODE_SET_OPEN(&bas_init.battery_level_char_attr_md.read_perm);  
38.     BLE_GAP_CONN_SEC_MODE_SET_NO_ACCESS(&bas_init.battery_level_char_attr_md.write_perm);  
39.   
40.     BLE_GAP_CONN_SEC_MODE_SET_OPEN(&bas_init.battery_level_report_read_perm);  
41.   
42.     bas_init.evt_handler          = NULL;  
43.     bas_init.support_notification = true;  
44.     bas_init.p_report_ref         = NULL;  
45.     bas_init.initial_batt_level   = 100;  
46.   
47.     err_code = ble_bas_init(&bas, &bas_init);  
48.     APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);  
49.   
50.     // Initialize Device Information Service  
51.     memset(&dis_init, 0, sizeof(dis_init));  
52.   
53.     ble_srv_ascii_to_utf8(&dis_init.manufact_name_str, MANUFACTURER_NAME);  
54.   
55.     BLE_GAP_CONN_SEC_MODE_SET_OPEN(&dis_init.dis_attr_md.read_perm);  
56.     BLE_GAP_CONN_SEC_MODE_SET_NO_ACCESS(&dis_init.dis_attr_md.write_perm);  
57.   
58.     err_code = ble_dis_init(&dis_init);  
59.     APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);  
60. }  

/**@brief Function for initializing the services that will be used by the application.
 *
 * @details Initialize the Heart Rate, Battery and Device Information services.
 */
static void services_init(void)
{
    uint32_t       err_code;
    ble_hrs_init_t hrs_init;
    ble_bas_init_t bas_init;
    ble_dis_init_t dis_init;
    uint8_t        body_sensor_location;

    // Initialize Heart Rate Service
    body_sensor_location = BLE_HRS_BODY_SENSOR_LOCATION_FINGER;

    memset(&hrs_init, 0, sizeof(hrs_init));
    
    hrs_init.is_sensor_contact_supported = false;
    hrs_init.p_body_sensor_location      = &body_sensor_location;

    // Here the sec level for the Heart Rate Service can be changed/increased.
    BLE_GAP_CONN_SEC_MODE_SET_OPEN(&hrs_init.hrs_hrm_attr_md.cccd_write_perm);
    BLE_GAP_CONN_SEC_MODE_SET_NO_ACCESS(&hrs_init.hrs_hrm_attr_md.read_perm);
    BLE_GAP_CONN_SEC_MODE_SET_NO_ACCESS(&hrs_init.hrs_hrm_attr_md.write_perm);

    BLE_GAP_CONN_SEC_MODE_SET_OPEN(&hrs_init.hrs_bsl_attr_md.read_perm);
    BLE_GAP_CONN_SEC_MODE_SET_NO_ACCESS(&hrs_init.hrs_bsl_attr_md.write_perm);

    err_code = ble_hrs_init(&m_hrs, &hrs_init);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    // Initialize Battery Service
    memset(&bas_init, 0, sizeof(bas_init));

    // Here the sec level for the Battery Service can be changed/increased.
    BLE_GAP_CONN_SEC_MODE_SET_OPEN(&bas_init.battery_level_char_attr_md.cccd_write_perm);
    BLE_GAP_CONN_SEC_MODE_SET_OPEN(&bas_init.battery_level_char_attr_md.read_perm);
    BLE_GAP_CONN_SEC_MODE_SET_NO_ACCESS(&bas_init.battery_level_char_attr_md.write_perm);

    BLE_GAP_CONN_SEC_MODE_SET_OPEN(&bas_init.battery_level_report_read_perm);

    bas_init.evt_handler          = NULL;
    bas_init.support_notification = true;
    bas_init.p_report_ref         = NULL;
    bas_init.initial_batt_level   = 100;

    err_code = ble_bas_init(&bas, &bas_init);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);

    // Initialize Device Information Service
    memset(&dis_init, 0, sizeof(dis_init));

    ble_srv_ascii_to_utf8(&dis_init.manufact_name_str, MANUFACTURER_NAME);

    BLE_GAP_CONN_SEC_MODE_SET_OPEN(&dis_init.dis_attr_md.read_perm);
    BLE_GAP_CONN_SEC_MODE_SET_NO_ACCESS(&dis_init.dis_attr_md.write_perm);

    err_code = ble_dis_init(&dis_init);
    APP_ERROR_CHECK(err_code);
}

static ble_hrs_t的结构定义：

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1. /**@brief Heart Rate Service structure. This contains various status information for the service. */  
2. typedef struct ble_hrs_s  
3. {  
4.     ble_hrs_evt_handler_t        evt_handler;                                          /**< Event handler to be called for handling events in the Heart Rate Service. */  
5.     bool                         is_expended_energy_supported;                         /**< TRUE if Expended Energy measurement is supported. */  
6.     bool                         is_sensor_contact_supported;                          /**< TRUE if sensor contact detection is supported. */  
7.     uint16_t                     service_handle;                                       /**< Handle of Heart Rate Service (as provided by the BLE stack). */  
8.     ble_gatts_char_handles_t     hrm_handles;                                          /**< Handles related to the Heart Rate Measurement characteristic. */  
9.     ble_gatts_char_handles_t     bsl_handles;                                          /**< Handles related to the Body Sensor Location characteristic. */  
10.     ble_gatts_char_handles_t     hrcp_handles;                                         /**< Handles related to the Heart Rate Control Point characteristic. */  
11.     uint16_t                     conn_handle;                                          /**< Handle of the current connection (as provided by the BLE stack, is BLE_CONN_HANDLE_INVALID if not in a connection). */  
12.     bool                         is_sensor_contact_detected;                           /**< TRUE if sensor contact has been detected. */  
13.     uint16_t                     rr_interval[BLE_HRS_MAX_BUFFERED_RR_INTERVALS];       /**< Set of RR Interval measurements since the last Heart Rate Measurement transmission. */  
14.     uint16_t                     rr_interval_count;                                    /**< Number of RR Interval measurements since the last Heart Rate Measurement transmission. */  
15. } ble_hrs_t;  

/**@brief Heart Rate Service structure. This contains various status information for the service. */
typedef struct ble_hrs_s
{
    ble_hrs_evt_handler_t        evt_handler;                                          /**< Event handler to be called for handling events in the Heart Rate Service. */
    bool                         is_expended_energy_supported;                         /**< TRUE if Expended Energy measurement is supported. */
    bool                         is_sensor_contact_supported;                          /**< TRUE if sensor contact detection is supported. */
    uint16_t                     service_handle;                                       /**< Handle of Heart Rate Service (as provided by the BLE stack). */
    ble_gatts_char_handles_t     hrm_handles;                                          /**< Handles related to the Heart Rate Measurement characteristic. */
    ble_gatts_char_handles_t     bsl_handles;                                          /**< Handles related to the Body Sensor Location characteristic. */
    ble_gatts_char_handles_t     hrcp_handles;                                         /**< Handles related to the Heart Rate Control Point characteristic. */
    uint16_t                     conn_handle;                                          /**< Handle of the current connection (as provided by the BLE stack, is BLE_CONN_HANDLE_INVALID if not in a connection). */
    bool                         is_sensor_contact_detected;                           /**< TRUE if sensor contact has been detected. */
    uint16_t                     rr_interval[BLE_HRS_MAX_BUFFERED_RR_INTERVALS];       /**< Set of RR Interval measurements since the last Heart Rate Measurement transmission. */
    uint16_t                     rr_interval_count;                                    /**< Number of RR Interval measurements since the last Heart Rate Measurement transmission. */
} ble_hrs_t;

ble_hrs.h/ble_hrs.c是心率计程序服务的代码。

buttons_init(void)初始化两个按钮：HR_INC_BUTTON_PIN_NO和HR_DEC_BUTTON_PIN_NO，分别模拟心率计的加减。

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1. /**@brief Function for initializing the button module. 
2.  */  
3. static void buttons_init(void)  
4. {  
5.     // Configure HR_INC_BUTTON_PIN_NO and HR_DEC_BUTTON_PIN_NO as wake up buttons and also configure  
6.     // for 'pull up' because the eval board does not have external pull up resistors connected to  
7.     // the buttons.   
8.     static app_button_cfg_t buttons[] =  
9.     {  
10.         {HR_INC_BUTTON_PIN_NO, false, BUTTON_PULL, button_event_handler},  
11.         {HR_DEC_BUTTON_PIN_NO, false, BUTTON_PULL, button_event_handler}  // Note: This pin is also BONDMNGR_DELETE_BUTTON_PIN_NO  
12.     };  
13.       
14.     APP_BUTTON_INIT(buttons, sizeof(buttons) / sizeof(buttons[0]), BUTTON_DETECTION_DELAY, false);  
15. }  

/**@brief Function for initializing the button module.
 */
static void buttons_init(void)
{
    // Configure HR_INC_BUTTON_PIN_NO and HR_DEC_BUTTON_PIN_NO as wake up buttons and also configure
    // for 'pull up' because the eval board does not have external pull up resistors connected to
    // the buttons.
    static app_button_cfg_t buttons[] =
    {
        {HR_INC_BUTTON_PIN_NO, false, BUTTON_PULL, button_event_handler},
        {HR_DEC_BUTTON_PIN_NO, false, BUTTON_PULL, button_event_handler}  // Note: This pin is also BONDMNGR_DELETE_BUTTON_PIN_NO
    };
    
    APP_BUTTON_INIT(buttons, sizeof(buttons) / sizeof(buttons[0]), BUTTON_DETECTION_DELAY, false);
}

当按下按钮时，处理程序是button_event_handler()，它处理心率计的加减模拟：

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1. /**@brief Function for handling button events. 
2.  * 
3.  * @param[in]   pin_no   The pin number of the button pressed. 
4.  */  
5. static void button_event_handler(uint8_t pin_no, uint8_t button_action)  
6. {  
7.     if (button_action == APP_BUTTON_PUSH)  
8.     {  
9.         switch (pin_no)  
10.         {  
11.             case HR_INC_BUTTON_PIN_NO:  
12.                 // Increase Heart Rate measurement  
13.                 m_cur_heart_rate += HEART_RATE_CHANGE;  
14.                 if (m_cur_heart_rate > MAX_HEART_RATE)  
15.                 {  
16.                     m_cur_heart_rate = MIN_HEART_RATE; // Loop back  
17.                 }  
18.                 break;  
19.                   
20.             case HR_DEC_BUTTON_PIN_NO:  
21.                 // Decrease Heart Rate measurement  
22.                 m_cur_heart_rate -= HEART_RATE_CHANGE;  
23.                 if (m_cur_heart_rate < MIN_HEART_RATE)  
24.                 {  
25.                     m_cur_heart_rate = MAX_HEART_RATE; // Loop back  
26.                 }  
27.                 break;  
28.                   
29.             default:  
30.                 APP_ERROR_HANDLER(pin_no);  
31.                 break;  
32.         }  
33.     }      
34. }  

参考资料：nRF51822 AK II上手指南(中文) 点击打开链接

 

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