第16章 string类和标准模板库

智能指针：在对象被销毁的时候，new的内存也被销毁。不再用delete[]进行释放。

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<memory> //必须包含的头文件
using namespace std;
class Report
{
private:
    string str;
public:
    Report(const string s)
    {
        str=s;
        cout<<"Object is created!\n";
    }
    ~Report()
    {
        cout<<"Object is deleted!\n";
    }
    void comment()
    {
        cout<<str<<endl;
    }
};
int main()
{
    {
        auto_ptr<Report> ps(new Report("using auto_ptr"));
        ps->comment();
    }
    {
        shared_ptr<Report> ps(new Report("using shared_ptr"));
        ps->comment();
    }
    {
        unique_ptr<Report> ps(new Report("using unique_ptr"));
        ps->comment();
    }
    return 0;
}

STL之vector
1.

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    vector<string>item(5);
    cout<<"enter:";
    for(int i=0;i<5;i++)
        getline(cin,item[i]);
    cout<<"the strings are:\n";
    for(int i=0;i<5;i++)
        cout<<item[i]<<endl;
    return 0;
}

2.自定义类：

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;
class Review
{
private:
    int rating;
    string title;
public:
    void fillReview();
    void showReviw();
};
void Review::fillReview()
{
    cout<<"Enter book title:\n";
    getline(cin,title);
    /*while(title!="q")
    {
        cout<<"Enter book rating:";
        cin>>rating;
        cout<<"Enter book title(q to quit):\n";
        getline(cin,title);
    }*/
    cout<<"Enter book rating:";  
        cin>>rating;
    while(cin.get()!='\n') //输入两个属性时 把cin.get()放在最后
        continue;
}
void Review::showReviw()
{
    cout<<title<<"\t"<<rating<<endl;
}

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<string>
#include"vector.h"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    vector<Review>books;//知识点
    cout<<"Book1:\n";
    Review r1;
    r1.fillReview();
    books.push_back(r1);//知识点

    cout<<"Book2:\n";
    Review r2;
    r2.fillReview();
    books.push_back(r2);

    cout<<"Book3:\n";
    Review r3;
    r3.fillReview();
    books.push_back(r3);

    vector<Review>oldlist(books);
    int num=books.size();
    if(num>0)
    {
        cout<<"you have entered:\n"<<"Rating\tBook\n";
        for(int i=0;i<num;i++)
            books[i].showReviw();
        cout<<"reshowing:\n"<<"Rating\tBook\n";
        vector<Review>::iterator pt;  //知识点
        for(pt=books.begin();pt<books.end();pt++)
            pt->showReviw();
    }

    vector<Review>::iterator pt;
    books.erase(books.begin()+1,books.begin()+2);
    cout<<"after erase:\n";
    for(pt=books.begin();pt<books.end();pt++)
        pt->showReviw();

    books.swap(oldlist);
    cout<<"after swap:\n";
    for(pt=books.begin();pt<books.end();pt++)
        pt->showReviw();
    return 0;
}

3.迭代器的使用：

#include<iostream>
#include<iterator>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>//包含sort的头文件
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    int casts[6]={6,7,2,9,4,11};
    vector<int>dice(6);
    copy(casts,casts+6,dice.begin());
    cout<<"dice to be casts\n ";
    sort(dice.begin(),dice.end());
    ostream_iterator<int,char> out_iter(cout," ");//定义一个输出流迭代器
    copy(dice.begin(),dice.end(),out_iter);//将向量的值送到输出流迭代器
    cout<<endl;
    cout<<"使用显式反转迭代器：\n";
    copy(dice.rbegin(),dice.rend(),out_iter);
    cout<<endl;
    cout<<"使用隐式反转迭代器：\n";
    vector<int>::reverse_iterator ri;
    for(ri=dice.rbegin();ri!=dice.rend();ri++)
        cout<<*ri<<" ";
    cout<<endl;
    cout<<"排序后：\n";
    sort(dice.begin(),dice.end());
    copy(dice.begin(),dice.end(),out_iter);
    cout<<endl;
    return 0;
}

插入：

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<string>
#include<algorithm>
#include<iterator>
using namespace std;
void output(string s)
{
    cout<<s<<" ";
}
int main()
{
    string s1[4]={"fine","fish","fashion","fate"};
    string s2[2]={"busy","bats"};
    string s3[2]={"silly","singers"};
    vector<string>words(4);
    copy(s1,s1+4,words.begin());
    for_each(words.begin(),words.end(),output);
    cout<<endl;

    //insert
    copy(s2,s2+2,back_insert_iterator<vector<string>>(words));
    for_each(words.begin(),words.end(),output);
    cout<<endl;

    copy(s3,s3+2,insert_iterator<vector<string> >(words,words.end()));
    for_each(words.begin(),words.end(),output);
    cout<<endl;
    return 0;
}